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高中英语语法之主谓一致详解及练习主谓一致语意一致的相关规则主谓一致是英语语法的一个重要的版块1)当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时,把这些复数名词看作一个整体谓语动词采用单数形式Twenty-fivedollarsistoomuchtopayforthatshirt.Fiftyminutesisntenoughtofinishthistest.Tenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.2)以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名,谓语动词用单数以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时,常用单数谓语动词形式当这些名词表示实际内容时,谓语动词则用复数形式这类单词有economics经济学electronics电子学physics物理学politics政治学mathematics数学statistics统计学Rootswasanovelaboutaslavefamily.Hispoliticswereamatterofgreatconcerntohisfriend.Politicsishisfavoritesubject.Statisticsshowthatapproximately40percentofallmarriagesintheUSendindivorce.Statisticsisasubjectthatisdifficulttolearn.3)有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词如machinery(机械),clothing(衣服)luggage(行李)furniture(家具),equipment(设备),jeweWy(珠宝)等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数如Myluggagewassentbyair.TheequipmentofourfactoryisallimportedfromBritain.4)不定式、现在分词和从句作主语,谓语动词通常用单数Playingwithfireisdangerous.注意若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句,表示两个不同的概念,则谓语动词用复数形式若表示同一概念,则谓语动词用单数形式Earlytoriseandearlytobedisagoodhabit.Whenandwherethebuildingwillbebuilthasntbeendecided.主语从句要根据从句表达的意思而定Whatshesaidiscorrect.Whathegavemeare主谓一致中的语法一致原则英语中主谓一致是指句中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致在做涉及主谓一致的练习时,同学们有时会觉得顾此失彼究其原因,往往是没有把握住主语的真正内涵,考虑不周全动词不定式、动名词或名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式如Tobeanhonestpersonisnoteasy.Smokingdoesharmtohealth.Whathebelievesisnottrue.由and或both.”and连接的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式如Theredcoatandthewhitecoatareverybeautiful.主语后面有aswellastogetherwithalongwithbutlikeexceptincluding等非并列连接性短语时谓语动词要和主语在人称和数上保持一致Heaswellasmeisresponsibleforthisthing.Itogetherwithmysisterpantohaveapicnic.Nooneexcepthimagreeswiththisplan.在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致如Onthedeskisaredpen.Sucharethefacts.fiveEnglishbooks.主谓一致中的内容一致原则主谓一致Subject-VerbAgreement指人称和“数方面的一致关系.如Heisgoingabroad.Theyareplayingfootball.可分为语法一致,内容一致,就近一致.今天着重计解内容一致的原则内容一致原则.主语中有allhalfmosttherest等,以及“分数或百分数十名词”做主语时谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如Therestofthebikesareonsaletoday.行车,今天出售60%oftheapplewaseatenbylittleboy.60%都被这个小男孩吃了Mostoftheappleswererotten.果都是烂的Mostoftheapplewaseatenbyarat.这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了.不定数量的词组,如partofalotoflotsofoneofanumberofplentyof等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如Apartofthetextbookshavearrived.一小部分教科书已运到Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenupbythepig.这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了.加减乘除用单数.如Fifteenminusfiveisten.15减去5等于
10.表示时间,金钱,距离,度量等的名词做主语时,尽管是复数形式,它们做为一个单一的概念时,其谓语动词用单数.如Tenmilesisagooddistance.十英里是一个相当的距离.1通常作复数的集体名词.包括policepeoplecattle等,这些集体名词通常用作复数.如TheBritishpolicehaveonlyverylimitedpowers.2通常作不可数名词的集体名词.包括equipmentfurnitureclothingluggage等.3可作单数也可作复数的集体名词.包括audiencecommitteegovernmentfamilyenemygrouppartyteampublic等.如Thecommitteehas/havedecidedtodismisshim.委员会决定解雇他.the+形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物,作主语时谓语动词用复数.如Theinjuredweresavedafterthefire.哪些是主谓一致的特殊情况那么,哪些情况是主谓一致的特殊情况呢??主谓一致的特殊有以下几种1population表示“人口”,一个国家或地区的居民数目,它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式当它前面有分数或百分数时,population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民,谓语动词用复数形式ThepopulationofCanadaisabout29million.Abouteightypercentofthepopulationofthiscountryarepeasants.2集合名词作主语,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如表示成员则用复数常见的这部分名词有armyaudienceclassclubcommitteecompanycrowdfamilygroupgovernmentorganizationpartyteam等Ourfootballteamisplayingwell.Ourfootballteamarehavingbathsandarethencomingbackhereforsupper.anumberof/avarietyof/varietiesof+可数名词复数;“themajorityof+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式thenumberof表数目和thevarietyof表种类等+可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数Anumberofnewhouseshavebeenbuiltthere.Thereareavarietyofgoodsonsaleintheshop.Thenumberofthepeoplewhoknowthesecretisverylimited.“alargeamountof+不可数名词”作主语,谓语用单数largeamountsof+不可数名词”作主语,谓语用复数“alargequantityof+不可数名词”作主语,谓语用单数“alargequantityof+复数名词”作主语,谓语常用复数largequantitiesof+不可数名词/复数名词”作主语谓语用复数“agood/greatdealof+不可数名词”作主语,谓语用单数Alargeamountofcleanwateriswastedeveryday.Vastamountsofmoneyarebeinginvestedinthelocalmarket.“atotalof+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用意思是“总共有……”“thetotalof+复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用,意思是“……的总数”4单复数同形的名词作主语,要根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式常见的这部分名词有aircraftcrossroadsdeerfishheadquartersomeansseriessheepspeciesworks等如Thecrossroadsis/aredangerous.当主语后面跟有withtogetherwithalongwithaccompaniedbylikeinadditiontoaswellasasmuchasmorethanratherthannolessthanexceptbutbesidesincluding等连接的词组时,其谓语动词的单复数不受这些词语的影响the+adj./v-ed表示某类人作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式the+adj.表示某类事物或表示某一类抽象概念作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式Thepoorliveahardlife.therebe结构中的主谓一致关系,谓语动词通常和最邻近的那个主语一致Therearefourchairsandatableintheroom.“a/an+单数名词+ortwo”作主语时,谓语动词用单数如:“oneortwo+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数如Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.一两个学生考试不及格Oneortwostudentswereplantingtreesyesterdayafternoon.昨天下午有一两个学生在植树9)在主语和谓语倒装的句子中,动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致Onthewallaresomefamouspaintings.10)在“It+be+被强调部分+that/who...”结构中,be用单数形式is或was如被强调部分是主语,that/who后的谓语与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致ItisIwhoamastudent.Itistheywhohaveworkedthereforfiveyears.主谓一致练习Theboysandthegirlseachdifferentwhichtheteacheruneasy.A.wantmakemakesC.wantmakesmakeMorethanonestudentreadthenovelswhichwrittenbyDavid.A.haswashavewereC.haswereD.havewasInfactonecausethatleadstotheproblem.A.cattleisB・cattleareC.cattlesareD.thecattlesareThesomuchalikethatIcanttellwhichiswhich.A.twinlooksinslookC.twinlooktwinslooksMrSmithhasboughtaaroundsomegreentrees.A.whichisitisC.whichareemareEveryboyandgirltobuyone.A.likewantikeswantsC.likeswantewantsNobodybutBettyandyesterday.waswerehasbeen・havebeenTheteacheraswellalready.Theyknowitwell.A.hasreadhavereadC.arereadingreadingThecityisnotverybig.Oneortwodaysenoughtoseeit.isareamD.beNottheteacherbutthestudentslookingforwardthefilm.A.istoseeB.aretoseeC.isseeingtoseeing【参考答案】1—5CCBBC6—10CAABD。