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高中英语语法常考要点之非谓语动词备考英语四级的过程中,语法是大家认为最难的地方下面给大家分享的关于英语四级常考的语法要点,大家可以作为学习参考
(一)分词现在分词和过去分词的区别
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动例Wonitswarforindependencein1783theUnitedStatesthenstruggledtoestablishitsowneconomicandfinancialsystem.分析分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以改won为winning
②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动例InthenineteenthcenturytheMohaveIndianslivedintheNorthernHemispheregrewtheircropsonriverbottomlands.分析生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living一些动词后面必须用doing对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记mindfinishenjoycelebrateadjustadvocatealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.HavingWithalotofdifficultproblemsthenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settingC.tosettleD.beingsettledInsomepartsofLondonmissingabusmeansforanotherhour.D.tobewaitingInordertomakeourcitygreen.A.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesB.manymoretreesneedtoplantC.ourcityneedsmoretreesD.wemustplantmoretreesHowdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers一Thekeytheproblemistomeetthedemandbythecustomers.tosolvingmakingtosolvingmadetosolvemakingtosolvemadeTheteacheraskedussomuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomaketimehe11makeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.GivenHelookedaroundandcaughtamanhishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toD.putting答案解析Co不定式作定语,theperson是sendit的对象,可理解为tosendittothepersonCo用完整的句子应这样回答LosinghernewbikemadeMarysoupset.D因为remain是不及物动词,其过去分词无被动含义,所以要用remaining(剩下的)作定语,修饰20dollarsoBo句意是“有五双可供选择,我拿不定主意从中选择哪一双”,而不是选择五双CoHarvard(哈佛大学)与found(建立)是被动关系,且早在1636年已建立,故用过去分词Do考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性因and连接两个并列的简单句,前一分句用-ing形式作主语,后一分句也应用-ing形式作主语D非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子主语Findinghercarstolen的逻辑主语显然是she故选Do意为她发现她的车被人偷了,她就赶紧报警求援Ao不定式作目的状语“使产品更具竞争性”是“正在努力的目的工C“连词+分词”作状语hisparents与lackmoney(缺钱)是主动关系,又因为lack是及物动词,不用介词,故选CAothat引导的从句与problem是同位语needwantrequire等表示“(某物)需要做某事”时,后接动名词的主动式或接不定式的被动式都可以Coleadto(导致、使)中的to是介词,后接动名词;逻辑主语thethief与catch是被动关系,故选CoAogiven作介词,意为“鉴于、考虑到“,可接名词或that从句Bohang表示“悬挂”时,可用作及物或不及物动词,此处填hanging或hung均可,但不能填beinghung因为它表示动作正在进行,而此处表示的是一种悬挂的状态Ao介词后接动词一般要用动名词,但but/except等介词后却可以接不定式,前面有行为动词do时不带to无do时要带toBodevote通o把…贡献给…;致力于…)中to是介词,应接-ing形式;all是devote的宾语,hehad是省略了关系代词that的定语从句,修饰allo注意,千万不要以为hadto是“不得不”,后接动词原形,而去选A那就中了命题人的圈套了A不定式作目的状语句意为为了下午多睡一会Bob关掉了闹钟C“新当选的总统日子不好过”是因为“有许多问题要解决”,表示“有…要…”用不定式作定语Aomeantodo打算做,meandoing意味着句意为在英国的某些地方搭不上公共汽车意味着要再等一个小时D“使城市绿化”是“我们(we)”的目的Bokeyto(…的关键)中to是介词,应接动名词;又因名词demand与make是被动关系(makedemands提出要求),另有by这一标志词暗示,用过去分词作定语Doasktellwant等后要接带to的不定式作宾补,其否定式是在不定式前加not即asksb(not)todosth叫某人(不要)做某事Dogive与其逻辑主语he是动宾关系,用过去分词故选DGiventime=IfheisgiventimeDocatchsb.doingsth.意为碰巧撞见某人正在做某事suggestdelayquitforgive(原谅),tolerateavoidescape(逃避)spend+名词+doing;havetrouble/difficult/aproblem/+doing例Longbeforethedawnofrecordedhistoryhumanscelebratedtoharvesttheircrops.分析harvest应改为harvesting及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将toharvest改为harvestingo例Someexpertshaveadvocatedtobringthatcountryintothetalkstorevivetheintermittentdialoguethatbeganafterthe1967MiddleEastWar.分析advocate后面直接跟doing改为advocatebringing
(二)不定式A.动词不定式的省略
①、help后面可以省略tohelptodohelpsb.todo例Agoodexerciseprogramhelpsteachpeopletoavoidthehabitsthatmightshortenthelives.分析the应改为their.定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确如果lives后面有定语就可以用the
②、使役动词后面要省略to这样的动词只有三个makelethavesb.dosth注意get不是使役动词,getsb.todosth.例Aconductorusedsignalsandgesturestoletthemusicianstoknowwhentoplayvariouspartsofacomposition.分析let是使役动词,后面不需要totoknow改为know
③、感官动词hearfeelwatchseenoticeobserveseesbdosth.强调过程seesbdoingsth正在做某事B.动词不定式的固定用法1表示第一人thefirstwomantodosth.2表示迫使的动词一般考三个,allow/enable/call+sb.+todo例BesidesprovidingcluestothenatureofatomsmineralanalysisallowstospeculategeologistsabouttheancientEarth分析allow...todo是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前即把改为allowgeologiststospeculateo3表示倾向…的形容词bemorelikelytodo更有可能作某事beinclinedtodo倾向于做某事beliabletodo易于…的beapttodo4表示目的的名词,一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的固定的句式thepurposethepurposeofsthistodosth.theobjective目标aimgoalreason理由function功能Intension意图例ThefunctionofLouisSullivansarchitecturewasprovidinglargeuninterruptedfloorareasandtoallowamplelightintotheinterior.分析thefunctiontoprovide例Thechiefgoalofbiochemistryisforunderstandingthestructureandbehaviorofthecarbon-containingcompoundsthatmakeupvariouscomponentsofalivingcell.分析thechiefgoalistounderstand5其他同根名词abilitytodo受到beableto的影响attempttodo企图decisiontodo决定受decide的影响ambitionbeambitioustodoeffort例Forancientpeoplemythswereoftenattemptsexplanation巩固练习WhenIhandedthereporttoJohnhesaidthatGeorgewastheperson.A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto一WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset——hernewbike.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.BecauseoflosingTheladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe.20dollarsremained20dollarstoremainremained20dollarsremaining20dollarsTherearefivepairsbutImatalosswhichtochoose.tobechosentochoosefromtochooseforchoosingin1636HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundedItwasfoundedc.FoundedD.FoundingFishingishisfavoritehobbyandA.hedliketocollectcoinsaswellhefeelslikecollectingcoinstooC.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobbycollectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasureFindinghercarstolen.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereshehurriedtoapolicemanforhelpInordertogainabiggershareinthemarketmanystate-runcompaniesarestrivingproductsmorecompetitive.A.tomakemakingC.tohavemadeD.havingmadeThoughmoneyhisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedinThereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecarsroadconditionsneed.A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimprovedwhere;improvingwhen;improvingThediscoveryofnewevidenceledto.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefthethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaughtthegeneralstateofhishealthitmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.HavinggivenThepictureonthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghungSandycoulddonothingbuttohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmitMrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosomeschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetuplateintheafternoonBobturnedoffthe。