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高中英语语法精讲:被动语态主要知识归纳及巩练习
1.被动语态的构成与用法英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态两种决定动词用主动语态还是被动语态主要看动词和主语的关系如果主语是动作的执行者,也就是说它们是主动关系,此时动词用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,也就是说它们是被动关系,此时动词则用被动语态英语的被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成,其中be有时态、人称和数的变化如Englishistaughtinmostschools.大多数学校都教英语Thechildrenarenotallowedpermittedtoplayonthegrass.孩子们不允许在草地上玩耍Aftertheaccidenttheinjuredweretakentohospital.事故发生之后受伤的人被送往医院急救
2.九种时态的被动语态请看以下用例Wearegivenalotofhomeworktodo.我们有很多作业要做Theyweregivenawarmsend-off.他们受到热烈的欢送Ithinkwearebeingfollowed.我想有人在跟踪我们Theytoldmethatthecasewasbeinginvestigated.他们告诉我案子正在调查Thedocumentsforwhichtheyweresearchinghavebeenrecovered.他们找寻的文件已找到了HeaskedifMaryhadbeensenttohospital他问玛丽是否已被送进医院Checkcarefullysoanymistakeswillbecaught.仔Z田检查一遍,把所有错误都找出来Heknewhewouldbepunishedforit.他知道他会为此受到惩罚.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成如Youmightbeaskedtospeakatthemeeting.可能请你在会上发言Whenevertheyareknownsuchfactsshouldbereported.这类情况一旦发现就要报告Alltheaboveitemscanbeobtainedfromouroffice.所有上述资料可向我们办公室索取Somethingmustbedonetostoptheseaccidents.必须采取某种措施以防止这些事故Thesebooksmaybeappreciatedbetterbyolderchildren.年龄稍大的孩子可能更会欣赏这些书.短语动词的被动语态“动词+介词或副词”构成的短语动词,以及“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语动词,在被动语态中不要漏掉后面的介词或副词如Gooduseismadeofthelibrary.这图书馆的利用率很高Amanwhoismuchtalkedaboutisalwaysveryattractive.被人谈论多的人经常是很有吸引力的人Manyinterestingexperimentsarecarriedoutinourlaboratory.我们实验室做了许多有趣的实验.关于“get+过去分词”在英语口语中,有时可用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态如:Igotdressedasquicklyas1could.我尽快穿上衣服IwasnJtsurprisedshegetelectedafteralltheeffortsshemade.她尽了一切力量之后,当选了,这不使我感到奇怪Wegotdelayedbecauseoftheholidaytraffic.因为节日交通阻塞,所以我们被耽误了ItriedtofindmywayroundLondonwithoutamapandgotlost.我试图不带地图在伦敦寻路,结果迷路了注这样结构比较常见的搭配有getarrestedgetcaughtgetconfusedgetdelayedgetdivorcedgetdressedgetdrownedgetdrunkgetelectedgetengagedgethitgetkilledgetlostgetmarriedgetstuck等被动语态考点精练(附详解)
1.Alltheemployeesexceptthemanagertoworkonlineathome.C.isMorepatientsinhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.A.treatedB.havetreatedC.hadbeentreatedD.havebeentreatedAccordingtotheartdealerthepaintingtogoforatleastamilliondollars.A.isexpectedB.expectsC.expectedD•isexpecting一GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougotothewedding一NoI・DidtheyhaveabigweddingwasnotinvitedhavenotbeeninvitedhadntbeeninviteddidntinviteThenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeopletoeatmorefruitandvegetables.A.persuadeB.willpersuadeC.bepersuadedD.arepersuadedTheherosstorydifferentlyinthenewspapers.A.wasreportedB.wasreportingC.reportsD.reportedMillionsofpoundsworthofdamagebyastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.hasbeencausedhadbeencausedwillcausedD.willhavebeencausedMorethanadozenstudentsinthatschoolabroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensentWithmoreforestsbeingdestroyedhugequantitiesofgoodeartheachyear.iswashingawayisbeingwashingawayarewashingawayarebeingwashedaway
11.一Whydidyouleavethatposition一IabetterpositionatIBM.A.offerB.offeredC.amofferedD.wasofferedAlthoughthecausesofcancerwedonotyethaveanypracticalwaytopreventit.arebeinguncoveredhavebeenuncoveringD.haveuncoveredTheconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylinesbynow.A.hascompletedhavecompletedhavebeencompletedhasbeencompletedmakesurethatbeforeleavingtheshop.willgivehavebeengivenhavegivenwillbegivenMr.Greenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboysayingthathewasnottheone.blamingtotobeblamed【答案详解】Do句子的主语是alltheemployees复数,而不是themanager排除答案A和C;又根据encouragesbtodosth这一句式可知alltheemployees与encourage是被动关系,要用被动语态排除BDoiisdirty和forweeks可知此处要用现在完成时态排除B和C;又因为It二Thewindow与clean是被动关系,要用被动语态,所以选DD因为patients与treat是被动关系,谓语要用被动语态,排除A和B;thisyear(今年)应当包括现在在内,所以要用现在完成时,所以选DAo因为thepainting与expect(预料、估计)是被动关系,要用被动语态,被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成,所以只有A正确Co因为I与invite是被动关系,要用被动语态,又因为邀请应当发生在结婚之前,gotmarried是过去,invite就该是过去的过去,所以用过去完成时的被动语态,只有C正确D因为“劝某人做某事”的英语表达是persuadesbtodosth显然people与persuade是被动关系,应该用被动语态,排除A和B又因为主语是一般将来时,条件句中用一般现在时,所以选DoAo“那个英雄的事迹”与“报道”是被动关系,用被动语态Ao由过去式swept和lastnight可知,要用过去时态,排除选项C和D;此处没一个相比较的过去时间或动作来说明是“过去的过去”,不用过去完成时,排除选项B;只有选项A正确,这里用现在完成时强调昨天晚上的这场瀑风雨所造成的影响现在依然存在Bo因为students与send是被动关系,排除选项A和C;因lastyear常与一般过时连用,排除选项CDo因quantitiesof…作主语,谓语动词用复数,排除选项A和B;goodearth(沃士)与washaway(冲走)是被动关系排除选项CD因为是“我”“被提供”职位,“我”才离开了原来的那个职位,所以用被动语态;由问句中的did可知,此处也用一般过去时Ao”癌症的原因”应该是“被”揭开,故应用被动语态;另外,从句意上看,此处应用现在进行时Do从句意上看,“铁路线”的建设应该是“被”完成,故要用被动语态;再根据句末的bynow可知,此处应用现在完成时B从句意上看,“零钱”应该是“被”找给,故要用被动语态;再根据一般的常识,此处应用现在完成时而不是一般将来时Cotoblame习惯上直接用主动式表示被动意义,又如Nobodyistoblameforit.谁也不该埋怨ImustsaythatIamverymuchtoblame.我得说这全怪我各种时态的被动语态被动语态的构成be过去分词1一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are过去分词2一般过去时的被动语态was/were过去分词3现在进行时的被动语态am/is/are+being过去分词4过去进行时的被动语态was/were+being过去分词5现在完成时的被动语态have/hasbeen过去分词6过去完成时的被动语态hadbeen过去分词7将来完成时will/过去分词的被动语态shallhavebeen8一般将来时的被动语态will/shallbe过去分词9过去将来时的被动语态would/shouldbe过去分词。