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高中英语语法之虚拟语气讲解及考题专练虚拟语气讲解虚拟语气主要有与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反的虚拟,以及几种特殊情况,shouldwish等虚拟语气.与现在事实相反的虚拟If+did/were+......would/should/could/might+do动词原形IfIwereyouIwouldgoabroadatonce.Iamnotyou.Ifheknewitnowhecouldhelpme.Hedoesntknowitnow..与过去事实相反的虚拟If+haddone+・・.,・・.wouldmighthavedoneIfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberyesterdayIwouldhavephonedyou.Ididntknowyourtelephonenumber.Ifyouhadcomeherealittleearlierjustnowyoumighthavemether.Youdidntcomehereearlier..与将来事实相反的虚拟If+should+v....would+v.可能性很小译作“万一”Ifitshouldraintomorrowyoucouldstayathome.IfIshouldfailwhatshouldIdoIf+did/wereto+v...,would+v.完全不可能IfthesunweretoriseinthewestIwouldlendyouthemoney.Ifyoufinisheditin3minutesIwouldgiveyoumycar.虚拟语气的十大句型
一、虚拟条件句条件状语从句是非真实情况,在这种情况下要用虚拟语气A.hasB.hadwillhavehadhad答案解析C.因为在表示“要求”的requirerequestaskdemand等动词后的宾语从句的谓语要用“(should+)动词原形”,句中referredto是过去分词短语,作thecomputerequipment的定语,所以选CC.因为在itissurprising后的that从句中,谓语要用should+动词原形”,其中should含“竟然”之意,不可省略B.因为Its(high/about)time后面的从句的谓语动词通常用过去时态D.因为requirement后的表语从句的谓语要用“(should+)动词原形;material材料)与heat(加热)是被动关系,用被动语态,所以是beheatedoD.因为wish后的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用过去式,此题的studybusiness是与过去事实相反的情况,所以用hadstudiedbusinessoC.因为主语是demand时,其后的表语从句的谓语要用(should+)动词原形”C.因为句中otherwise(否贝1)表示与过去事实相反的情况,所以用wouldhavedone0D.因为介词短语without…表示与现在事实相反的情况,所以用wouldbeB.由hadnotgone可知,条件句是与过去事实相反的情况,而now提示我们,主句是与现在事实相反的情况,所以用wouldbeoD.因为ifonly(要是…就要了)其后的句子要用过去式表示虚拟语气,由asyoudo可知,是与现在事实相反,所以选knewA.因为butfor(要不是因为、如果没有)通常要与虚拟语气连用,由fifteenyearsago可知,这是与过去事实相反的情况所以选wouldhavediedoA.因为wouldcomeearlier是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,而后面分句表示的是事实当时我的确不知道…所以用一般过去时,选AC.因为that从句是suggestion的同位语,应当用”should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,又因thestudents与give是被动关系,所以选begivenoA.因为WangLing是中国人的名字,显然不是英国人,所以asif从句的谓语要用与现在事实相反的情况,所以用wereA.因为haditnotbeenforthepoliceman=ifithadnotbeenforthepoliceman如果没有警察,显然是与过去事实相反的情况,主句中的谓语应是wouldhavelostoB.因为由主句谓语可判断,表示的是与过去事实相反的情况,所以虚拟条件句中的谓语应用过去完成时,Hadthecaptainbeen=IfthecaptainhadbeenoA.由于从句谓语为一步过去时,表示的是对现在的虚拟故主句谓语用过去将来时,表示Wereitnotforthesnowyweather=Ifitwerenotforthesnowyweather.Bo这是个错综时间虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反,条件句与过去事实相反句意为“如果我不是在七岁时就迷上了MelindaCox图书馆,我真不能想象我如今会在做什么”D本题考查目标与1996上海同由otherwise和hesitated可知,这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,谓语动词用would+have+过去分词构成Bowish后面宾语从句的谓语总是用过去时态此题是表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时句意为“我多么希望每个家庭都有座有一个漂亮花园的大房子啊!”.条件从句与现在事实不一致,其句型为句型1:If+主语+过去时,主语+shouldcouldwould或might+动词原形IfIwereyouIwouldstudyhard.IfitrainedIwouldnotbeherenow.
2.条件从句与过去事实不一致,其句型为句型2If+主语+had+过去分词,主语+shouldcouldwould或might+have+过去分词Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnighttheboywouldhavebeensaved.IfIhadnotstudiedhardIwouldhavefailedintheexamlastterm.
3.条件从句与将来事实不一致,其句型为句型3If+主语+过去时/should+动词原形/wereto+动词原形,主语+shouldcouldwould或might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrowwewouldstayathome.IfIweretogotothemoononedayIcouldseeitwithmyowneyes.Ifyoumissedthefilmtonightyouwouldfeelsorry.注意问题.If条件句中绝对不可以出现would.根据句中的时间状语,有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况,即主句可能是现在的情况,条件句也许是发生在过去的情况,但都要遵守上述句型如Ifyouhadstudiedhardbeforeyouwouldbeacollegestudentnowandyouwouldgraduatefromacollegeinfouryearstime.
3.条件句中如果出现werehadshould可省去if将主语与这些词倒装例如Hadthedoctorcomelastnighttheboywouldhavebeensaved.WereItogotothemoononedayIwouIdseeitwithmyowneyes.Shoulditraintomorrowwewouldstayathome.
二、名词性虚拟语气在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气基本句型句型4主语+should+动词原形MotherinsistedthatJohnshouldgotobedat9oclock.宾语从句Itwasrequiredthatthecropsshouldbeharvestedatonce.主语从句Itissurprisingthatsheshouldntpassthemathexam.主语从句Thesuggestionthatheshouldbeinvitedwasrejected.同位语从句Theirdemandisthattheirwagesshouldbeincreased.表语从句注意在这种句子中绝不可以出现wouldmustcould等
三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句句型5wish后的宾语从句与现在愿望不一致主语+过去时;与过去愿望不一致主语+had+过去分词/could+have+过去分词;与未来愿望不一致主语+would/could+动词原形如;IwishIwereyou.IwishIhadvisitedtheWhiteHousewhenIwasintheStates.IwishIcouldmeetyoutomorrowattheparty.句型6Itstime句型当Itstime后用that从句时应该为“主语+should+动词原形”或主语+过去时”Itstimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.句型7Ifonly引起的感叹句相当于“HowIwish+宾语从句”Ifonlyhecouldcome!他要能来就好了IfonlyIhadknowntheanswer!我要早知答案就好了句型8wouldratherasifthough引导的句子也需使用虚拟,表示过去的情况用过去完成时,表示现在与将来的情况用过去时ambusynow.IshouldhavecometothepartyyesterdaybutIwasbusy.Iambusynow;otherwiseIwoulddoyouthefavor!英语虚拟语气考题专练behavebetobeD.tobeingA.youdidntknowournationalheronottoknowhimyoushouldknownothingaboutD.youknewnothingabouthim
3.一Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextterm一Idontknow.Butitsabouttimeonsomething.A.IdecideIdecidedIdecideI’mdecidingOneoftherequirementsforthefireisthatthematerialtoitsburningtemperature.isheatedwillbeheatedwou1dbeheaterbeheatedRobertwishesthathebusinessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.studiesstudiedhasstudiedhadstudiedMydemandisthattheinformationreferredtoinmyreporttoMr.Brownwithoutdelay.tobee-mailede-mailedbee-mailedbeinge-mailedHewasverybusyyesterdayotherwisehetothemeeting.A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wouldwouldknowshouldknowknewButforthepartyheofhungerfifteenyearsago.wouldhavediedwoulddieC.mustD.mustdieIwouldhavecomeearlierbutIwerewaitingforme.didnknowhadntknowwouldknownhaventknownTheteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudentstwoweekstopreparefortheexam.A.giveshouldgivebegivenwouldbegivenWangLingoneofmyfriendsisverygoodatEnglish.HespeaksEnglishasifheanEnglishman.werewouIdbehavebeenhadbeenWeourliveshaditnotbeenforthepoliceman.wou1dhavelostshouldlosemightlosehadlostmorecarefulhisshipwouldnothavesunk.IfthewereHadthecaptainbeenShouldthecaptainbeD.IfthecaptainwouldhavebeenWereitnotforthesnowyweatherweallright.wou1dbewouldhavebeenwereD.maybeItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifIinloveattheageofsevenwiththeMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldnfallenB.hadnotfallenC.fallD.weretofallHehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheballotherwiseheagoal.hadscoredscoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescoredabeautifulgarden!。