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高中英语语法精讲被动语态主动语态变被动语态的易错点主动语态变被动语态的易错点含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,但变间接宾语为主语的情况较多主动Tomgavemeapresentonmybirthday.我生日那天汤姆送我一件礼物被动IwasgivenapresentbyTomonmybirthday.Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词.在下列动词后,通常在间接宾语前用介词to bringgivehandlendofferpasssellshowtake通tell等.在下列动词后,一般在间接宾语前用介词for buildbuycookcutchoosedofetchfindfixgetkeepmakeorderpaintplaysing等主动Mothermademeanewskirt.母亲给我做了件衬衣被动Anewskirtwasmadeforme..由于某些动词与介词有习惯搭配,既不用to也不用for而用别的介词如PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.世界上的人都知道长城TheGreatWallisknowntopeopleallovertheworld.(不用by短语).有时用间接宾语作主语讲不通或不习惯,必须用直接宾语作主语如Tomwrotemealetter.误IwaswrittenaletterbyTom.正AletterwaswrittentomebyTom.类似的动词还有returnsendpasshandsellteach等含复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的主动句改为被动句时,一般把主动句中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面成为主语补足语如:Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.我们总是保持教室清洁Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.教室总是保持清洁的Theyaskedmetohelpthem.他们叫我帮助他们Iwasaskedtohelpthem.我被他们叫去帮忙了Wesawthemplayingfootball.我们看到他们在踢足球Theywereseenplayingfootball.他们被人看见在踢足球注意.在seewatchhearnoticelistentolookatmakefeel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to但改成被动语态后要加上tOoWeoftenhearhersing.我们经常听到她唱歌Sheisoftenheardtosing.经常有人听到她唱歌.如果宾语补足语是名词,变被动句时,不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语如Wecalledhimanass.我们叫他傻瓜误Asasswascalledhim.正Hewascalledanass.短语动词的被动语态“动词+介词/副词”构成的短语动词,变成被动语态时,要把它们作为整体看待,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉如Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.病人正在动手术Hisrequestwasturneddown.他的要求遭到拒绝注这类短语动词常见的还有agreetoaskforlaughatlistentolookafterthinkoftalkaboutcallon等常用的由“及物动词+副词”构成的短语动词有bringaboutcarryoutfindoutgiveuphandinmakeoutpassonpointoutputawayputonputofftakeoffthinkoverworkoutturnoutselloutuseuplookup(查询)等“动词+副词+介词”构成的短语动词,变成变动语态时,要把它们作为一个整体看待如Thepoorwerelookeddownuponthen.那时穷人被人瞧不起Hewaslookeduptobyeveryone他被人们所敬仰注这类短语动词还有getoutoflookoutofgetonwithgetalongwithcatchupwithkeepupwith等“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语动动词,变被动语态时,既可将短语动词后的宾语作为被动句的主语,也可将短语动词中的名词作为被动句的主语如Youmustpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.你必须注意你的发音Yourpronunciationmustbepaidattentionto.Attentionmustbepaidtoyourpronunciation.注这类短语动词常见的还有catchsightofmakeuseofmakefunofmakefriendswithsetfiretotakecareoftakeholdoftakepartintakenoticeofkeepaneyeon等当主动句的主语是nobodynoone等含有否定意义的复合不定代词时,被动句中将其变为anybody作by的宾语,并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态如Nobodycanliftthisstone.谁也拿不起这块石头误Thestonecanbeliftedbynobody.正Thestonecannotbeliftedbyanybody.当否定句中的宾语是anythinganybodyanyone等不定代词时在被动句中应将其分别变为nothingnobodynoone作主语,并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态如Theyhaventdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.误Anythinghasntbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.以who为主语开头的疑问句,变被动时,用bywhom放在句首Whowrotethisnovel这部小说是谁写的?误Whowasthisnovelwrittenby正Bywhomwasthisnovelwritten主动句中完成进行时态时,相应的被动句变为完成时态如Hehasbeenusingthisdictionaryfortenyears.这本词典他用了十年了Thisdictionaryhasbeenusedfortenyears.不用于被动语态的三种典型情况.不及物动词没有被动语态因为不及物动词没有宾语,所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语故不能用于被动语态但是值得注意的是,有些英语中的不及物动词,译成汉语时却可能是“及物”的,很容易出错,这类动词如takeplace(发生),happen(发生),comeabout(发生)breakout爆发)appear(出现)disappear(消失)last(持续),arise(出现,发生)datefrom/datebackto(回溯至)等如Thestormhaslastedforthreehours.暴雨已经持续了二个钟头了Theboydisappearedroundthecorner男孩在拐查处消失了Everythingseemedquiteregularwhenthefirebrokeout.起的当时,一切似乎都很正常.某些静态动词不用于被动语态英语有些静态动词(如havelackholdsuitresemble等)通常不用于被动语态,如以下各均不能变为被动语态:Thehallholds2000people.大厅可容纳2000人Herchiefworrywasthatshelackedexperience.她的主要忧虑是她缺乏经验.宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态由于相互代词和反身代词通常不能用作主语,所以当它们用作动词宾语时,句子不能转换成被动语态如Healwaysconsidershimselfintheright.他老认为自己是对的Newtonfoundthatallmassesattracteachother牛顿发现一切物质都互相吸引。