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考叁说明小题必练2代词代词在近年高考试题中出现频率非常高代词的考查集中在语法填空中,主要考查代词的主格,宾格,形容词性物.主代词,名词性物主代词和反身代词预计2021年高考命题将继续考查代词在具体、特定语境下的灵活运用特别是不定代词netheoneonestheones与指示代词thisthatthesethoseit的用法区别,代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语考点仍然以人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词等为主考星透就考点一人称代词(2018全国卷UI)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachotherIwasjustgladtofind(they)alive.【答案】them【解析】人称代词作宾语时,要用其宾格空格前面是动词find空格处应用宾格,故填them指代上文的gorillaso考点二物主代词(2020全国1卷)Dataaboutthemoon*scompositionsuchashowmuchiceandothertreasuresitcontainscouldhelpChinadecidewhether(it)plansforafuturelunarbasearepractical.【答案】its【解析】根据句子结构和句意可知此处应用形容词性物主代词its作名词plans的定语考点三指示代词(2019•天津卷)Astudyshowsthestudentswhoareengagedinafter-schoolactivitiesarehappierthanwhoarenot.A.onesB.thoseC.theseD.them【答案】B【解析】句意一项研究表明,参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心空格处代词与thesludenls是对应关系,可以用theones或者Ihose替代IhenT指代的是前边提到的复数名词,不能与thestudents形成对应关系“these”一般不用定语从句修饰故选B考点四反身代词(
2020.山东卷)Aswellaslookingatexhibitsvisitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimagine(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest.【答案】themselves【解析】句意为想象他们自己生活在一个不同的历史时期此处为“imaginesbdoingsth”结构,livingatadifferenttimeinhistory是动名词短语作imagine的宾语,反身代词themselves是livingatadifferenttimeinhistory的逻辑主语【点拨】当句子缺主语或宾语时,填代词人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词,而在语法填空的纯空格中〜般是不要求考生填名词的,所以只要句了•缺主语或宾语,就填代词此时,要根据前后语境,看该空格是指人还是事物,指男还是指女,是单数还是复数除人称代词外,也有可能是填不定代词等还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的it替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句解题技巧如下第一步分析句子结构若句子缺主语,则要填代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it;若动词或介词后面缺宾语,则要填代词的宾格、指示代词、不定代词或it如果该宾格与主语是同一人,应用反身代词第二步理解句子意思根据各个代词的意义和用法,以及句子所需的意义,填入合适的代词考信磨破
一、单句语法填空Bythattimethepandanolongerneededitmotherforfood.【答案】its.【解析】考查代词观察句子结构可知,它的妈妈,用形容词性物主代词修饰名词,故填its.AfewhoursearlierIdbeenathomeinHongKongwithitchokingsmog.【答案】its【解析】考查名词所有格句意带着窒息的烟雾后面为名词,故用its.Thegirlwassittingonthechairquietlyburyingsheinthemagazineinthehands.【答案】herself【解析】考查反身代词句意女孩安静地坐在椅子上,把自己埋在手中的杂志里与主句主语thegirl相呼应用反身代词herself故填herself.MyfatherkepthimwordandtreatedmetoawonderfulsightseeingtripafterIwonthecontest.【答案】his【解析】考查形容词性物主代词句意我赢得比赛后,我父亲遵守了他的诺言,带我去游览了一番keeponesword守信;遵守诺言,固定短语,设空处应用其形容词性物主代词形式故填his.IwishtothankMr.SmithandwithouthehelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.【答案】his【解析】考查形容词性物主代词句意我要感谢史密斯先生,如果没有他的帮助,我不可能走到今天这一步因此空格处为his故填his.Howeverhelaterfindsoutthathisfatherwasawizardandthathismotherwasawitchbothoftheymurderedbyanevi1wizard.【答案】them【解析】考查人称代词句意然而,他后来发现他的父亲是一个巫师,他的母亲是一个女巫,他们都被一个邪恶的巫师谋杀了此处指代他的父母,应用人称代词,位于介词之后,用宾格故填them.Ifyouwanttogotothepartywithmeyoushouldbehaveyouwell.【答案】yourself【解析】考查反身代词句意如果你想和我一起去参加聚会,你应该表现得很好动词短语behaveoneself表现好,懂规矩,故填yourself.Generationaftergenerationourforefathersworkedhardandcreatedasplendidcullureonthislandofus.【答案】ours【解析】考查名词性物主代词句意一代又一代,我们的先辈们在这片土地上辛勤工作,创造了灿烂的文化根据句意可知是在我们的土地上,of是介词,后边需要名词,根据句意,可知需要填名词性物主代词,故填ours.NomatterwhenIgotoapostofficeandnomatterwherethepostofficeisIalwaysfindmestandinginalinebehindsomeonewhohasalotofbusinesstodo.【答案】myself【解析】考查代词句意不管我什么时候去邮局也不管邮局在哪儿,我总是发现自己排在某个有许多业务要办理的人的后边本句主语是I根据语境,此处表示“发现自己……”,findoneselfdoingsth.意为“发现自己在做某事故填myself.OnmyrecentvisitIhelpalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedbyitmother.【答案】their【解析】考查物主代词句意在我最近的一次拜访中,我帮助了一个被它们的母亲拒绝的可爱的双胞胎之一题干中表示“它们的母亲”,所以填their.Ifyouarctimepooryouneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersportssoperhapsweshouldallgiveatry.【答案】running/it【解析】根据句意可知,此处表示“我们都应该尝试着跑跑步”,故填代词it指代上文的running此处也可直接填名词running/itoManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapcanbetocatout.【答案】it【解析】此处应用it作形式主语,动词不定式短语toeatout为真正的主语“ShethoughtIhadhurtIwsaysPahlsson.【答案】myself【解析】句意:Pahlsson说“她以为我伤到了自己”根据前面的主语I可知,此处要用反身代词作宾语
14.OnmyrecentvisitIheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedbyitmother.【答案】its【解析】句意在最近的一次参观中,我抱着一对可爱的、三个月大的双胞胎大熊猫中的一只,这只大熊猫被它的妈妈遗弃了此处应该使用形容词性物主代词its作定语,修饰名词mother
15.Mr.Johnsonchildren.He...Nowdswithhiswifeandchildren.Heownedafarm…Nowitoccurredtothathisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.【答案】him【解析】Mr.Johnsonedtosb.+that从句表示“某人突然想到,此处指Mr.Johnson突然想到发生在他身上的事情,所以填him
二、语法填空Passage1Pinyinisasuccessfultoolwhich1teachinChinatoschoolkids.Itisnotmerelyusedbywesterners1ikeus.IthasprovedtobeausefultoolforChinesepeople2theyto1earnstandardpronunciationintheirear1yeducation.Thefirststepistolearnhow3pronounceeachletterinpinyincorrectlyandthemeaningofthetonemarkers.Thenyouhavetodo4drillasmanyasyoucan.Turnthatintoagame.Itcanbe5muchfunthanyouwou1dexpect.Start6singlesyllablesanddothatalotandthensyllablepairs.Slowlymoveontolargergroups.Understandtheinitialfinalandthetones.Butmostimportantly7youneedisgoodfeedback.Youdbetterhavesomeonethatcancorrectyourmistakesimmediately.FindanativeChinese8canlistentoyouandcorrectyou.IfyoutakeChineseclassestheteacherwill9probablehaveyoudodrillseveryclass.Dothisveryseriously.Ifyouareself-studyingtrytomeetnativeChinesepeopleandaskthemtogiveyousomefeedback.Otherwisetrytobeseif-criticaland1istenverycareful1y.Good10listenismorethan50%ofwhatittakestopronouncecorrectly.【答案】
1.istaught
2.themselves
3.topronounce
4.drills
5.more
6.with
7.what
8.who
9.probably
10.1istening【解析】这是一篇说明文短文就如何学习好中国的拼音提出了一些建议
1.考查一般现在时的被动语态分析句子可知,tool为先行词,在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语,且与谓语teach为被动因为本句在介绍“拼音”,所以本句为一般现在时故填istaught
2.考查反身代词分析句子可知,拼吾已被证明是中国人在早期教育中学习标准发音的有用工具所以Chinesepeople与they的反身代词为同位关系,所以填反身代词themselveso故填themselves
0.考查动词不定式howtodosth在句中作learn的宾语故填tpronounce.考查名词复数drill为可数名词,由“asmanyas”可知,应填drill的复数故填drills.考查形容词比较级由“than”可知,应填much的比较级more故填more.考查介词Startwith以……开始”为固定短语且符合句意故填with.考查连接代词分析句子可知,本句为主语从句,主语为we谓语为need所以用what作need的宾语what在名词性从句中一定做成分,而且常做主语、宾语、表语或者定语故填what.考查关系代词分析句子可知,anativeChinese为先行词,在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语所以关系代词为who故填who.考查副司probably为副词修饰动词have故填probablyo.考查名词Good为形容词修饰名词1istening故填listeningPassage2OnthewaytothetrainstationInoticedHmobilephoneonthestreet.Itseemedbrokenwiththebattery电池out.Idecidedtopickitupandtrytoputittogethertoseeifitworked.Itj2do!IchoseanumberfromthecontactlistandfoundawomanwhoHluckyknewtheownersoIcalledhertoletherknowIhadthephone.ShocouldntreachhersoIaskedastationguardforhelp;buthewasnotallowedtokeepthephone.After15minutesIworriedaboutmytrain14thinkwhattodo.Suddenlyamancalledthephone.ItwastheownerJshusband!Iexplainedandhecouldntbelieveit.Heaskedj_5Icouldpleasewaitforhimso1did.Hecametothestationinafew16minuteandsooncifterhiswifearrived.Thelookonj7theyfacesmadeitallworthit.Idmissedmytrainbutfeltsohappytohavehelped.Theyoffered18buymeflowersorgivemesomethingWIrefused.Ithankedthemforitandtoldthemtheirbeingso20_pleaseandgratefulwasmorethanenoughforme.【答案】.a
12.did
13.luckily
14.thinking
15.if/whether
16.minutes
17.their
18.tobuy
19.but
20.pleased【解析】这是一篇记叙文作者捡到一部手机,经过一番周折,终于找到了手机的主人,并将其归还.考查冠词本句是讲“我”在大街上看到一部手机,表示泛指,且mobile的发音以辅音音素开头,因此用不定冠词a.考查时态根据文章第一句话可知,本文叙述的是发生在过去的事情,故要用一般过去时did.考杳副词该空修饰动词know应用副词luckily.考查非谓语动词think和主语I是逻辑上的主调关系故该空填thinking.考查名词性从句空处引导宾语从句,作asked的宾语,且意为是否,故该空应填if/whether.考查名词复数依据句中的afew可知此处用名词的复数形式minutes.考查代词空处修饰名词faces故应用形容词性物主代词their.考查固定搭配offertodosth意为主动提出做某事,是固定搭配故填tobuy
0.考查连词句意他们主动提出想买鲜花或别的东西给我,但是我拒绝了上下文为转折关系,故填but
2.考查形容词此处表示“我”告诉他们,他们的快乐和感激对“我”来说就足够了该空和grateful并列,故应填形容词pleasedPassage3Didyougrowupinonecultureyourparentscomefromanotherandyouarenowlivingina21totaldifferentcountryIfsothenyouare22_thirdculturekid.ThetermMthirdculturekid23_useinthe1950sforthefirsttimebyJohnandRuthUseem.Theyfirstcameacrossthisphenomenon现象whi1e24researchNorthAmericanchiIdrenlivinginIndia.Usuallythirdculturekidsbenefitfrom25theyinterculturalexperienceandtheyoftengetgoodgrades.Yetmany26_difficultymayarisefromthisphenomenon.Thirdculturekidsmaynotbeabletoadapt使适应themselvescompletelytotheirnewsurroundings.Alsotheyoftenfindithard27_developnewfriendship.Moreoverforathirdculturekiditisoften28_easytomovetoanewcountrythantoreturntohisorherhomeland.ForexampleafterlivinginAustraliaformanyyearsLouisfinallyreturnedtothecountry29_shewasborn.ShedidntknowanythingaboutpopularTVshowsorfashiontrends.Andshedicintsharethesamevalues30_otherteensofherage.【答案】
21.totally
22.a
23.wasused
24.researching
25.their
26.difficulties
27.todevelop
28.easier
29.where
30.as【解析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了“第三文化儿童”这个名词的来历以及第三文化儿童所面临的情况.考查副词修饰形容词different用副词故填totally.考查冠词句意如果是这样,你就是一个第三文化儿童kid是可数名词,且third的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a表泛指.考查时态语态句意“第三文化儿童”这个词是由约翰和鲁斯・尤西姆在20世纪50年代首次使用的时间状语inthe2950sforthefirstlime表明用一般过去时;Theterm与use之间是被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,故填wasused.考查省略句意他们研究在印度生活的北美儿童的生活时第一次遇到这种现象在时间状语从句中,主从句的主语一致且含有be动词的某种形式时,从句的主语和be可省略,此处省略了theywere故填researchingo.考查代词句意通常第三文化儿童能够从他们的跨文化经历中受益并经常取得好成绩修饰名词interculturalexperience用形容词性物主代词,故填their.考查名词句意然而这一现象可能产生很多困难many修饰可数名词复数,故填difficullies
27.考查不定式句意此外,他们经常发现很难发展新的友谊findit+adj.+todo表示“发现做某事……”故填todevelop
0.考查形容词比较级句意此外对第三文化儿童来说,搬到一个新的国家比回到祖国更容易than表明使用形容词比较级,故填easier.考杳定语从句句意在澳大利亚生活了多年后,路易斯终于回到了她出生的国家先行词为country指地点,从句中缺少地点状语,故填where.考查介词句意她的价值观和与她同龄的孩子不一样,thesameas表示与致“,故填as。