还剩9页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
2023高考英语专题猜词题原卷版专题04猜词题Parti技巧导图Part2知识详解Part3词义猜测题特点Part4词义猜测题七大猜词技巧Part5构词法基础知识Parti技巧导Part2知识详解Part3词义猜测题特点猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力,也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇同时,考生应掌握一些猜词技巧,通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义词义猜测题思维导图(略)【设问形式】•Theunderlinedword・・・refersto/probablymeans.asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas...•Whatdoyouthinktheexpressionstandsfor•Whatdoestheunderlinedwordrefertointhelastparagraph•Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword”•Theunderlinedwordcouldbestbereplacedby...•Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheword“・・.”•Whatdoestheauthormeanby”inparagraph2Part4词义猜测题七大猜词技巧L根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语,下面接着出现其定义或解释标点符号,如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据例如例子1Soonafterwardsmanyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmersandtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.InrecentcenturiestradeindustrialisationthedevelopmentofthenationstateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducationespeciallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecadesallhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappearanddominantlanguagessuchasEnglishSpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant“underlinedinparagraph2A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.【真题小练】(浙江
2019.6阅读理解B)Moneywithnostringsattached.Itsnotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonthaboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatreadGiveWhatYouCanTakeWhatYouNeed.()Whatdoestheexpressionmoneywithnostringsattachedinparagraph1meanA.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymade.C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether..根据同位关系进行猜测阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语,对前面的词进行解释,因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测例如例子2IamPeterHodesavolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012Ivedone89trips——ofthose51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干细胞)inmylittleboxbecauseIvegottwoicepacksandthat*showlongtheylast.Inallfromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatientwevegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedwordcourier“inParagraph1A.providerB.deliverymanC.collectorD.medicaldoctor.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测在英语中,有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式,构成新词乍看起来,这个词可能是新词,但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后,就不难猜出它的词义例如
①“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10“Anacleriosaid“andthey,reveryinteractiveandcreativeinthattheybuiltasenseofdramabasedonasubject/9文中interactive是由前缀inter(相互的)和active(活动的,活跃的)构成的,同时根据上下文的意思可以判断,该词的含义应是“互动的”
②Perhapswecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundredpossibility是possible的同根名词,据此可以判断possibility的意思是“可能性”例子3Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornnessuneasinessorworry.[分析]根据构词法知识我们可知,un为否定前缀,ness为名词后缀,easy(舒适)为词根因此,我们可猜测unea我ness为“不安;担忧”之意(全国II2014阅读理解A)Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallpapersanddocuments.Theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers...Atlasttheyhadseenahalf-writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.Thatfamilynotonlyreturnedtheimportantdocumentstousthatdaybutalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.Westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.()Whatdoestheunderlinedwordrestored“inthelastparagraphmeanA.showed.B.sentout.C.delivered.D.gaveback.根据因果关系进行猜测在一篇阅读文章中,根据原因可以预测结果,根据结果也可以找出原因例如例子4Ifyouhaveajuiceryoucansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“softserve“creamydesserttobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildrensparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.Whatis“ajuicerinthelastparagraphA.Adessert.B.Adrink.C.Acontainer.D.Amachine..根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测文章中的代词itthathehim或them可以指代上文提到的人或物,其中it和that还可以指代一件事有时代词指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找;有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代的事物例如例子5
[2]DespitethecelebrationsthoughintheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolderandthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.
[3]It*sJasonMoransjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter*sartisticadviserforjazzMoranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazzmakethemusicmoreaccessibleandpreserveitshistoryandculture.•••Whatdoestheunderlinedwordthatinparagraph3refertoJazzbecomingmoreaccessible.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger..根据同义或近义关系进行猜测在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中,作者为了避免语言的单调、重复,有时会使用意思相同或相近的词因此,考生只要读懂上下文,知道其中一个词的意思,就能猜出另外一个词的意思[例](2018•全国卷in阅读D节选)Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.WhydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongingsThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.例子6…Whatdothewordsmoreismore“inparagraph1probablymeanThemorethebetter.Enoughisenough.Moremoneymoreworries.Earnmoreandspendmore.
7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测根据上下句的连接词,如buthoweverotherwise等可以推断上下文之间的逻辑关系,从而可以依据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义另外,分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义例如
①Achild,sbirthdaypartydoesnthavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.从分号前后两句的意思可以看出,hassle和abasketoffun是相反的意义,所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难,麻烦”
②Sheisusuallypromptforallherclassbuttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一词表示转折,因此but前后的意思正好相反根据后半句的意思“她今天第一节课上了一半才来,可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论
③TheplayersintheWorldCupareprofessionalswhilethosewhoplayintheOlympicsmustbeamateurs.由于转折词“while”引导的两个分句前后意义相反,我们可推测出amateurs是professionals(专业人士)的反义词,意思为“业余人士,业余选手”例子7…GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStatesbuttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920swolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanadawheretherewerefewerhumansaround.•••Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displacedinparagraph2meanA.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forcedout.D.Trackeddown.Part5构词法基础知识L词缀猜词法stimul刺激stimulatev.刺激,激励词根词缀解释例词cult培养,种植culturen.教养,培养cip抓,拿recipientn.接收者mon警告monitorn.班长;监视器,检测器suf-下面sufficev.足够,有能力super-超过supermann.超人sup-在下面supplicantadj.哀求的,恳求的sur-超过surrenderv.放弃,投降SUS-在卜面sustainv.支撑维持cept拿,抓,握住exceptv.除外symsyn共同sympathyn.同情,同情心tele远telepathicadj.心灵感应的terr地territorialadj.领土的tri-—•trianglen.三角形trans-交换transportv.运输,传送port拿,运importn.进口,输入test证据testifyv.证明证实text编织textileadj.纺织的tribut给予contributev.捐助,捐献turb扰乱disturbv.弄乱,扰乱ultimo最后的ultimateadj.最后的最终的un-不unfairadj不公平的uni-单一uniformadj.统的,一^的with-向后,相反withdrawv.收回撤销util使用utilizev.利|用vac空vacantadj.空白的vit生命vitaminn.维他命,维生素vari变variousadj.多样的,多方面的verb词语adverbn.副词ver真实的verdictn.裁决判断verg倾向convergev.聚合,会聚词根词缀hemi-semigraphgramhereheshomo解释半写,图粘附同类的例词hemispheren.半球semi-civilizeda.半开化的diagramn.图解,图表adherevi.粘附附着homosexualadj.同性恋的herit继承inheritvt.继承(传统等)fore-刖foreheadn.前部flu流动fluidadj.流动的,易变的form形成,形状formationn・形成构成fracfrag打碎fractionn.小部分,片断geo地geologyn.地质学,地质情况ex-出exportvt.输出,出口femin女人feminineadj.女性的,女子的fer带来,拿来ferryn.渡船fleetflex弯曲reflectv.反射映现称重量,称银子,引申pendpenspond为花费expendvt.花费消费进入…之中,包括;使em-en-enclosevt.围住,圈起进入状态ceed行走,刖进proceedvi.行进,前进ergert能量,活力energyn.精力,活力lev变轻,举起elevatorn.电梯,升降机mot动motionn.运动动作norm规范normaladj.正常的,正规的rect竖,直erectvt.建造vidvis看invisibleadj.看不见的,无形的e-ef-出efficiencyn.效率,功效dondit给予donationn.捐款,捐赠electr电的electricadj.电的rupt断裂inten-uptv.打断,打扰stinctsting刺distinctadj.与其它不同的versvert转convertv.(使)转变di-两个dividev.分开dis-不;分开dismissvt.解雇解散gener产生generatevt.发生,弓I起pict描写,画picturen.图画port拿,运exportvt.输出scendscensscent爬descendvi.下来,下降scribescript写describevt.形容,描写离开;变坏,向下,加tr*A、
1、vde-强deductvt.扣除,减去dec-十decaden.十年creedcred相信,信任incredibleadj.不可信的词根词缀解释例词curr跑currencyn.通货流行facfactfeetfie做manufacturevt.制造,力口工duceduct引导conductn.指导;管理contra-相反contraryadj.相反的cropcoipor身体,团体corporationn.公司,企业diet说dictatev./n.口授,命令sist站立persistvi.坚持持续serv保持reservevt.保留,留存tendtent伸展extendv.扩大伸展venvent来revenuen.收入收益vict征服convictvt.证明有罪centr中心concentratev.集中,聚集demo民众democracyn.民主,民主制fer市木sufferv.遭受,忍受fid相信,信念confidencen.信任,信心fin结束,范围confinevt.限制plex重叠,交叉complexadj.复合的secutsequ跟随consequenen.结果,后果senssent感觉sentimentn.感情,情绪在同辅音词根前,表示colleaguen.同事col-cor-“共同”comcon-共同;加强combinev.联合,结合lust光,照亮illustratevt.说明lapse滑倒collapsevi./n.倒塌瓦解mand命令commandvt.命令,指挥mun服务municipaladj.「]j政的pelpuls驱动,推pulsevt.搏动,跳动ab-abs-相反,变坏,离去abusevt./n.滥用等加在同辅音字母的词ab-ac-ad-afag-跟前,表示“一再”等acceleratevt.力口速加强意aer-空气,充气aerialadj.空中的,架空的tract拉tractorn拖拉机牵引车cordcard心脏,一致accordn.一致celer速度acceleratevt.力口速cur关心curiousadj.关心的equequi相等,平等equationn.等式opt选择optionn.选择versvert转convertvt.使转变grav重gravityn.重力,引力ambi-ambitionn.雄心,抱负ana-错误;在旁边;分开analysevt.分析,分解alter其他的,改变状态alternateadj.交替的,轮流的ann年annualadj.每年的词根词缀解释例词gress行走progressn.前进,进步liter文学literaryadj.文学的文人的loc地方localadj.地方性的log说话apologizevi.道歉,谢罪a-不,无,非;在…,…的;加强含义asideadv.在旁边,到旁边art技巧,关节,诡计artificialadj.人工的cert搞清,区别certifyvt.证明证实scendscensscent爬,攀descendvi.下来,下降spectspic看perspectiven.视角,观点similsemblsimul相似;一样similaradj.相似的,类似的sum拿,取resumevt.继续,恢复taintentintinu拿住retainvt.保留,保持audi听audiencen.听众bat打combatn.战争bene善,好benefitvi有益于得益biobi声明,生物biologyn.生物学,生态学im-in-不,无,非;向内,进入importvt./n.输入,进口valvail强壮的,价值invaluableadj.非常宝贵的,极为贵重的brilli发光brilliantadj.光辉的,卓越的calc石灰calciumn.钙cracy统治democracyn.民主民主制fic做artificialadj.人工的,人为的captceptceivecip拿,抓,握住capturevt.捕获,俘获circ环绕circuitn.电路,环行clin倾斜inclinevt.使倾斜cid落下incidentn.发生的事,事件closcludclus关闭excludevt.把排除在外lust光,照亮illustratevt说明ject抛injectvt.注入sect切割sectionn.截面,剖面sert插,放insertvt.插入,嵌入sist站立persistvi.坚持持续magn-大magnificentadj.壮丽的,华丽的facfactfeetfic做manufacturevt.制造,力口工junct连接,联合conjunctionn.接合,连接leg法律legaladj法律的,合法的micro-mini-小microscopen.显微镜multi-多multipleadj.多重的mod方式,模式,风度modem方式,模式词根词缀解释例词op-mut相反变opposevt.反对反抗mutualadj.相互的neg否定negativeadj.否定的,消极的optopto视力opticaladj眼的光学的not知道notionn.概念orn装饰adornv.装饰para-半,类似,辅助;在旁边;降落伞paralleladj.类似的并列的per-贯穿,自始至终;坏,假persistvt.坚持,持续oxy氧的oxygenn.氧气,氧part部分partialadj.部分的pass感觉passionn.激情,热情pre-…前的,预先previousadj.先,前,以前的prim-第一,主要的primeadj.首要的,最好的jud判断judgementn.审判,判断preci价值preciousadj.珍贵的,宝贵的pro-向前,在前;很多;赞同;亲…proceedvi.行进,前进priv私有的,单一privateadj.私人的,个人的re-向后,相反,不;一再,重新renewv.重新开始,继续fess说confessvt.供认坦白gress彳诜progressn.前进,进步voc声音vocaladj.嗓音发声的retro-向后retrogradev.后退,侄”退med治疗remedyn.补救办法,治疗法rect竖,直erectvt.建造,使竖立spons约定sponsorn.主办者,保证人tort扭distortv.扭曲歪曲viv生命vividadj.深冬的,活泼的volv滚,卷revolvev.旋转,循环ven来revenuen.收入,收益se-分开separatev.愤慨,隔离rupt断interruptv.打断,中断sacr神圣的sacrificen.牺牲,供奉sens感觉sensitiveadj.敏感的,灵敏的sequ跟随consequencen.结果,推论similsimul相类似similaradj.相似的,类似的greg群体aggregatev.合计;聚集satur饱saturableadj.可饱和的sub-在卜面subwayn.土也铁soc同伴,结交socialadj.社会的,社交的sol太阳,独自solaradj.太阳的。