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06Discoveringusefulstructures「定义:名词与它的修饰语一起构成的短语-功能:充当主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语或同位语一名词修饰语与名词的位置关系前置定语或后置定语定义由儿个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成一的短语厂两个或多个形容词如田-程度副词与形容词一事早――介词及其宾语在形容词后L不定式在形容词后匚功能作表语、宾语补足语或定语L定义由儿个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语」功能作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词【核心词汇】survival生存；幸存；幸存事物教材p.l7We，11learnsurvivalskills.我们将要学习生存技能lsurvivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过survivesth.幸免于；从中挺过来/活下来surviveon依靠生存下来AsurviveBby...A比B活得长2survivorn.幸存者；生还者［佳句|Muchtoourjoyallofthe20peoplewereabletosurvivethefirewhichbroughtgreatcomforttotheirfamilies.使我们非常高兴的是，20个人全部在火灾中幸免于难，这给他们的家人带来了巨大的宽慰［练透］单句语法填空
①HowdoesthefamilysurviveonsuchasmallmonthlywageWhenyoureceiveanitemthatwasboughtandpaidforonoursiteandyoufinditisnotasdescribedorisoflowqualityyoucancontactthesellertoresolvetheseproblems.当您收到在我们网站上购买并付款的商品时，发现与描述不符或质量低劣时，您可以联系卖家解决这些问题II.用所学名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语的知识扩展画线部分DearJasonImhappytohearfromyouandknowaboutLondon.NowIdliketotellyousomethingaboutQuanzhou.Quanzhouisaplaceforpeopletolivein.Itseconomyhasbeendevelopingduringthepasttenyears.Newbridgesandroadshavebeenbuiltwithbuildingsstandinginmanypartsofthecity.Schoolsandhospitalsareusefulforpeople.ltisdevelopingintoacity.Buttherearestillsomeproblemssuchasheavytrafficinrushhoursandairpollutionwhichhaveaneffectonpeopleslife.IthinkQuanzhoushoulddevelopsothatwecouldhaveahometowninfuture.Onepossibleversion DearJasonFmvery/quitehappytohearfromyouandknowaboutyourbeautifulhomecityLondor.NowFdliketotellyousomethingaboutmyhometownQuanzhou.Quanzhouisabeautifulplaceforpeopletolivein.Itseconomyhasbeendevelopingfastduringthepasttenyears.Newbridgesandroadshavebeenbuiltwithtallbuildingsstandinginmanypartsofthecity.Many.schoolsandhospitalsareusefulforthenative/localpeople.Itisdevelopingintoabeautifulandmode】ncity.ButtherearestillsomeproblemssuchasheavytrafficinrushhoursandseriousairpollutionwhichhaveabadeffectonpeoplesdailylifeJthinkQuanzhoushoulddevclophealthilysothatwecouldhaveabetterhometowninfuture.
②AsfarasIknowtheoldladysurvivedherhusbandby5years.
③Ifhecouldn，tfindhiswayoutoftheforesttherewouldbelittlechanceofsurvivalsurvive.［写美］句式升级©Aftershehadsurvivedthatnightshewasconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.fHavingsurvivedthatnightshewasconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.分词作状语［点津］survive表示“幸免于难”时，是及物动词，其后不需要加介词in或from【语法解析】Goingfromjuniorhighschooltoseniorhighschoolisareallybigchallenge.Thefirstweekwasalittleconfusing.FirstIhadtothinkverycarefullyaboutwhichcoursesIwantedtotake.MyadviserrecommendedthatIshouldsignupforadvancedliteraturebecauseIlikeEnglishandFmgoodatit..Themainpurposeofthecourseistohelpimproveeachstudentsreadingability.［我的发现］1句1中名词短语areallybig;challenge在句中作表语;2句2中形容词短语alittleconfusing在句中作表语;3句3中副词短语verycarefully在句中作状语;4句4中名词短语advancedliterature在句中作宾语;5句5中名词短语themainpurposeofthecourse在句中作主语
一、名词短语NounPhrase或NP英语中，短语有很多种类型，其中名词短语最为重要，它是英语造句中不可或缺的元素定义名词与它的修饰语一起构成的短语句法功能1名词短语在句中充当主语Theseredrosesareforyou.这些红玫瑰是送给你的2名词短语在句中充当宾语Ihavethreeclosefriends.我有三个要好的朋友⑶名词短语在句中充当表语Heismybestfriend.他是我最好的朋友4名词短语在句中充当宾语补足语Weconsiderhimagoodteacher.我们认为他是一位好老师［即时演练一］写出下列句子中画线的名词短语在句中所作的句子成分，并注意其组成
①Theseideasmayseemstrangetoyou.作主语
②Weloveourgreatmotherleadverymuch.作宾语3Themanwearingablackcoatisourteacher.作表语
④ThosebeautifulflowerscomefromYunnan.作主语
⑤Wemadehimcapitalofourteam.作宾语补足语
⑥Hegotthreegoldmedalsatthe23rdOlympicGames.作宾语
⑦Thetallbuildingwasbuiltlastyear.作主语［点津］1名词短语在句中作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等2名词短语由“限定词+数词、形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词+名词+介词短语厂组成3限定词包括冠词aanthe＞指示代词thisthatthesethose等、形容词性物主代词myhisherourtheirits等和不定代词somenoneitherboth等
二、形容词短语AdjectivePhrase或AdjP.定义由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语.组成1两个或多个形容词由and或but等连接构成形容词短语Yourroomislargeandbeautiful.你的房间又大又漂亮2very等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语Itisveryhottoday.今天很热3介词及其宾语可用在形容词后修饰形容词，可与形容词构成形容词短语Iamsureofsuccess.我确信会成功⑷不定式在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语Heissuretocome.他一定会来［即时演练二］写出下列句子中的形容词短语
三、副词短语AdverbPhrase或AdvP.定义由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语.组成⑴两个或多个副词可以由and或but等连接构成副词短语Itriedagainandagain.我试了一遍又一遍2veryextremely等程度副词作修饰语，可以与其他副词构成副词短语Herunsextremelyfast.他跑得快极了⑶介词及其宾语可用在副词后修饰副词，可与副词构成副词短语Hewentonstudyingdeepintothenightyesterday.昨天他一直学习到深夜［即时演练四］写出下列句子中的副词短语
①Shetypesquicklyandcorrectly.quicklyandcoirectly
②Hecanfinishthatmuchquicker.muchquicker
③Theteacherspeaksclearlyenough.clearlyenough
3.句法功能副词短语在句中主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词Iwarnedhimagainandagain.我一再警告他副词短语againandagain修饰warnedDonttalksoloudly.别大声喧哗副词短语soloudly修饰talk［即时演练五］写出下列句子中画线的副词短语在句中所作的句子成分及修饰成分，并注意其组成
①Heranveryquicklyyesterday.修饰动词；作状语
②］ammuchtoopleasedtoseeyou.修饰形容词；作状语
③Sheplayswellenoughasabeginner.修饰动词；作状语
④Heworkedmuchmorecarefullyonthenewdesign.修饰副词；作状语［点津］⑴副词短语在句中作副词用，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词，作状语2副词短语由“副词+副词”组成.
①a
②big3withabeautifulgarden
④such
⑤houseHelivesin..
①than
②more©important
④muchThetaskisever..©beautiful
②the
③ofourschool
④campusLook!Thisis..
①of
②afraid
③dog
④theShedoesntdaretogooutaloneatnightbecausesheis..
①and
②beautiful
③a©generous
⑤reallySheisgirl..Hetoldmeafunnystory；在句中作.ShespeaksEnglishveryfluently.;在句中作.HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.属于;在句中作.ChristopherReeve
①starinfourSupermanfilmsfrom1978to
1987.Hespenthissparetime
②visitsickchildreninhospitalsanddoingmanyothergoodthingsandsoongainedabigreputation.
③whilehewasridingahorsehefelloffthehorseandbrokehisneck.Duetothesupportofhiswifefamilyand
④friendhefoundthewilltoliveagain.Inordertorecover
⑤quickheengagedinarangeofexercisesdesigned
⑥rebuildmuscle.Shortlyafterhemanagedtoreturn
⑦hisfilmcareer.§hepositiveattitudeinspiredmanypeople
⑨werestuckinillness.Hewill⑩rememberasasuperheroforever.答案L答案
④①②⑤③.答案
④②③①.答案
②①④③4•答案
②①④③.答案
⑤③②①④.答案名词短语；直接宾语.答案副词短语；状语.答案名词短语；表语.答案starred;visiting;However;friends;quickly;torebuild;to;His;who/that;beremembered解析
①考查一般过去时句意从1978年到1987年，克里斯托弗•里夫主演了四部《超人》电影时间状语是一个过去的时间段，所以此处用一般过去时
②考查动名词句意:他利用业余时间去医院看望患病儿童以及做许多其他好事spendtimeindoingsth.为固定搭配故填visiting
③考查副词句意然而，他在骑马时从马上坠落，摔断了脖子前后句之间是转折关系，因此用However
④考查名词复数句意由于他的妻子、家人和朋友的支持，他找到了重新生活的意愿他的朋友不止一个人，且空前无限定词，因此应填复数形式friends
⑤考查副词句意:为了快速恢复，他参加了一系列为重建肌肉而设计的锻炼设空处修饰动词recover因此用副词形式quicklyo
⑥考查不定式这些锻炼的设计是为了重建肌肉此处表示目的应用不定式
⑦考查介词句意不久之后，他设法回到了他的电影事业returnto回到……
⑧考查代词句意:他的积极的态度鼓舞了很多疾病缠身的人修饰名词用形容词性物主代词，故填His
⑨考查定语从句句意:他的积极的态度鼓舞了很多疾病缠身的人设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词people且在从句中作主语，故用who或thato⑩考查被动语态句意:他将永远被铭记，作为一个超级英雄主语和remember之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态，由前面的will可知，此处应填berememberedI.写出画线部分属于什么短语及其在句中所作成分Heismybestfriend.（属于；在句中作）Thebottleisfullofwater.于;在句中作）Heisaverycarefulworker.（M于；在句中作）TheyelloWhousKisforsale.（属于；在句中作）Weconsiderhimagoodteacher.（属于；在句中作）Ifindtheproblemreallyconfusing.（属于；在句中作）Muchinte】estedheagreedtogiveitatry.（属于；在句中作）IneedsomeinterestingChinesnstorybooks.（属于；在句中作）Pauldoesnthavetobemadetolearn.Healwaysworksveryhard.属于；在句中作HarvardUniversityisoneofLthemostfamousuviversitiesintheUnitedSlates.属于；在句中作】
1.名词短语；表语
2.形容词短语；表语
3.形容词短语；定语
4.名词短语；主语
5.名词短语；宾语补足语
6.形容词短语；宾语补足语
7.形容词短语；状语
8.名词短语；宾语9副词短语；状语
10.名词短语；表语H.单句语法填空Hecanspeakseverallanguagesexpertsohefeelsveryproud.Ifyouwanttobeanexploreryoumustbeadventure.ShedoeswellmathssoIoftenturntoherforhelpinmaths.WhatisimportantinlearningEnglishisthatyoushouldpractiseuseitveryoften.IhavebeenlearningEnglishforelevenyearsbutmyspeakEnglishispoor.Whenweshowrespectforotherswewintherespectofthematsametime.Inmyyoungmyambitionhadbeentobeaninventor.Overfiftyboyscametotryoutthefootballteam.Ihavetowashalltheplateandthingsaftermeals.Sinceyouhavepreparedwellletsgetstartnow.【答案】
1.expertly
2.adventurous
3.in
4.using
5.spoken
6.the
7.youth
8.for
9.platesstarted培优拔尖I.阅读理解ReturnsRefundGuaranteeTheReturnsRefundGuarantee^^isapromiseprovidedbysellersfbreveryitemtheysellonDHgate.com.Whenyoureceiveanitemthatwasboughtandpaidforonoursiteandyoufinditisnotasdescribedorisoflowqualityyoucancontactthesellertoresolvetheseproblems.DHgatewillofferadditionalassistanceifthesellerisnotcooperative.ScopeThefollowingpointsshouldnotbeincludedintheReturnsRefundGuarantee^^AThesellerdidntmakeanypromise.AThesellercanprovideevidencetoprovetheitemsareasdescribed.AYoudidntcontactthesellerwithinthepromisedtime.▲YouhavereleasedthepaymenttothesellerbeforeaskingDHgateforhelp.Sellersareabletosetupthefollowingpromises ReturningitemsforanyreasonBuyerscanreturnitemsforarefundwithinaspecificdatewhichhasbeensetupbysellerssuchas3daysand7daysfromthedaywhentheitemsarereceived.Theitems7receivingdateisthedatethatisindicatedontheshippingcarriersofficialwebsite.Buyersshouldprepayanyreturnshippingcostwhichwillbegivenbacktothebuyersafterthesellerreceivestheitemsaslongastheitemsarereturnedinthesameexactconditionaswhentheyweredelivered.ReturnsorRefundsacceptediftheproducthasqualityissues.Buyerscanreturntheitemsforarefundwhentheyarenotasdescribedorpossessqualityissuesbycommunicatingdirectlywiththeseller.Thesellerisresponsibleforthereturnshippingcost.Buyerscangetarefundandkeeptheitemswhentheitemsarenotasdescribedorpossessqualityissuesbynegotiatingdirectlywithsellers.
1.WhocangetadditionalassistancefromDHgateintheguaranteeA.Thebuyersinphysicalstores.B・ThebuyersonDHgate.com.C.ThesellersonDHgate.com.D.Boththebuyersandthesellers.
2.WhichsituationiswithinthescopeoftheguaranteeA.Thesellerdidntmakeanypromise.B•Thebuyerhaspaidthesellerinadvance.Thebuyeraskedforhelpwithinthepromisedtime.Thesellerprovesthatthereisnothingwrongwiththeitem.
3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassageNotallthesellersmakepromises.DHgatesometimeswillpaythebuyers.Sellersshouldprepayreturnshippingcost.Thebuyercantkeeptheitemsaftergettingarefund.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了DHgate上的“退货和退款保证工B细节理解题根据题干中的关键词“additionalassistance”定位到第一段尾句依据此句可知，如果卖方不合作，DHgate将给买方提供额外的协助故选BC细节理解题依据Scope部分中的“Youdidntcontactthesellerwithinthepromisedtime.”可知，与此情况相反时是在保证范围内的，即买家在承诺期限内求助是可以享受保证服务的故选CA细节理解题根据Scope部分中的第一条“Thesellerdidntmakeanypromise”可知，卖方没有做出承诺时不包括在退货退款保证范围内，据此可推知，不是所有卖方都做出承诺故选A★阅读加油站returnv./〃.退货refundv./〃退款shippingcost由B费contactv./〃.联系。
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