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19ReadingForWriting[学语言]第一段.本段第二句中用“sweep”一词要比使用“wash”更合适,形象地表达出了海浪造成破坏的严重程度.本段第一句中使用了that引导的定语从句thatcrashedintocoastlines...现在分词短语作状语killingmorethan6500people...;第二句使用了过去分词短语作定语causedbythestrongearthquake…以及that引导的定语从句thatreachedamagnitude...这些高级句式的运用使得文章精彩纷呈第
二、三段.文中第三段第一句中用“Thousands产一词表达了海啸危害的人数之多.第
二、三段主要使用了被动语态;bedoing...whenmake+it+形容词+todosth等高级句式彰显了较强的语百功底[学结构]第一段主要从总体上介绍了海啸发生的时间、地点及破坏程度,各句之间衔接紧凑,逻辑清晰第
二、三段主要运用andhowever等衔接词从细节方面详细介绍了海啸造成的破坏【题型解析】概要写作概要写作,简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括,写出文章的中心大意,也可称之为摘要所选材料体裁没有限制,以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主所需阅读的短文词数在350以内[写作流程]第一步归纳主旨大意含段落大意概要写作的第一步便是阅读并抓取主题,进而提取主旨大意,即有关该主题的主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点或主张阅读语篇时,根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法第二步提炼关键词.结合主旨大意,细读段落,找出每个段落的主旨句和关键词,区别段落中哪些是mainideas哪些是supportingideasexamples和additionalinformation通常是在相对重要的句子中提炼关键词正确的关键词和关键句是概要写作最重要的内容和依据.消减事例,尽量减少实事并省略细节第三步合并和改写.合并信息首先需要对信息进行分类、整合,找到信息之间的联系,再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起同一层级的主旨句不宜合并在一起,但如果联系紧密,且没有支持的细节信息,可以考虑合并.在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写,对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模的改变改词、换句型等第四步核查成文核查连贯性,优先考虑使用最短连接词butthenlaterfinallybesidesthusthereforeyethowever;核查标点和语法;核查词数[常用语句].表示文章的内容以及研究目的Thispaperisaimedat/covers/mainlydealswith...Thearticlefocusesonthetopicof...Thisarticle/passagemainlytellsastoryabout...Thispassagemainlydealswith/discusses/explores...Thisessaypresentsknowledgethat...Thispaperprovides/givesanoverviewof...Inthispassageabout...theauthor...Theauthorbegantheessay/passagebytelling/presenting...First/Firstly/Inthebeginning/lnthefirstparttheauthorargues/explains/mentions/states/pointsoutthat....表示研究的结论Theresultshowedthat...Theauthorfoundthat...Itwasconcludedthat...Finally/Asaconclusiontheauthorconcludes/adds/stressesthat...Finallytheauthorsummarizesthat....表示观点或建议Theauthorsuggests/considersthat...Asfarastheauthorisconcerned...Intheauthorsview..【例题分析】阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要Yourattitudeplaysabigpartinyoureverydaylifeandcaninfluencehowyourlifemayturnoutinthefuture.Ifyouhaveagoodattitudeyoullbethekindofpersonwhoworkshardandyoulllivethekindoflifemanywouldadmire.Herearesometipswhichcanhelpyouimproveyourattitude.Spendtimewiththosewhoshareyourpositiveattitude.Thisisamustifyouwanttoimproveyourattitude.Thepeopleyousurroundyourselfwithmostofthetimewillreflectuponyourlife.Soalwaysmakesurethatthesepeopleshareyourpositiveattitudeandliftyou.Whenyoutakeactionalwaystakestepstoactwithapuiposesothatyouractionsareinlinewithyourvalues.ForexampleWaltDisneysmainpurposeisto“makepeoplehappy”.Sonexttimeyouactthinkofyourpurposeandimproveyourattitudewhiledoingso!Beingpolitewhengivenhelporaskingforitisntahardthingyetsooftenweforgetthesesimplewordsespeciallywiththoseclosesttous.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourattitudeuse“please”andthankyou“everytimeyouregiventheopportunity.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourattitudetolifeandtothosearoundyoustopcomparingyourselfwithothers.Itshumantocompareourliveswithothers1butwhenwedoittoooftenwecandrag(拖)ourselvesdown.Sospareyourselftheworryandstopcomparingonlyfocus(集中)onyourownlifeandyoullbemuchhappierintheprocess.Gratefulnessisoneofthemostpowerfulattitudesinyourlife.Ifyouwantabetterlifegivethanksforallthatyouhaveeachandeveryday.Graduallyyoullreceivemorethingstobethankfulfor!SohowsyourattitudetodayDoesitneedalittlefinetuning【学生习作】【升格作文】Yourattitudewhichmayinfluenceyourfutureplaysanimportantroleinyourdailylife.(要点1)Toimproveyourattitudeyoushouldbewiththepersonswithapositiveattitudeandactwithanexactgoal.(要点2)Inadditionitdoesntmakesensetocompareyourselfwithothers.(要点3)Lastlyusingpolitewordslike“pleaseandthankyouoftenandlearningtobegratefulfbrwhateveryouhavewillcontributetoimprovingyourattitude.(要点4)羔分层提分I.单词拼写Hiseldersonwaskilledinacar(撞车)afewyearsago.Ipickedupthepaperand(清扫)thefloor.Itisreportedthatthe(海浪)arebigtoday.The(长度)ofthebridgeis200metres.Filorderaspecialmessengerto(递送)thedocument.Pleasesendaspeakerfromyourgrouptomakea(总结)ofyourdiscussion.【答案】
1.crash
2.swept
3.waves
4.1ength
5.deliver
6.summaryIL选出strike在句中的含义
①(雷电、暴风雨或疾病等)袭击,侵袭
②击打,敲打
③撞击
④突然想到(想法)
⑤(钟等)敲响报时
⑥划(火柴)
⑦给某人……印象
⑧罢工Wildefellandstruckhisheadonthestonefloor.()Hishousewasstruckbylightninglastnight.()Strikewhiletheironishot.()Theceremonystartedasthechimes(钟声)ofmidnightstruck.().Shestrikesmeasaveryefficientperson.()Thematchesweredampandhecouldntmakethemstrike.()Three-quartersofthecountrysworkerstookpartinthestrike/)Agoodideastruckthemanager.()【答案】1♦
③
2.
①
3.
②
4.
⑤
5.
⑦
6.
⑥
7.
⑧
8.
④I阅读理解InlateMarchstormsandrapidtemperatureshiftsinseveralMidwesternstatesledtounexpectedflooding.ForNebraskaitwastheworstdisasterinthestateshistory:76of93countieshavehadtoapplyforaidwithdamageapproximately$
1.3billion.Manyfamiliesarereceivingassistanceforrepairstohomesfarmsandinfrastructure(基础设施).AlthoughithasbeenadestructivetimeforMidwesternfarmcountiesmanyvolunteershavejoinedindespitethedangers.ForvolunteerLynnCanigliathefeelingthatcomesfromhelpingfamilies1isallthepaymentsheneeds.AnothergirlcalledJeanieGoodhiletalkedaboutherefforts.SheraiseddisabledanimalsonherfarminValleyNebraska.Thefloodsruinedherlandandnearlykilledallsheowned.nWhenthewatercame1had20minutestosaveallofmyanimals*Goodhilesaid.WhenIattemptedtogetsomeanimalsoutoftheirpens(畜栏)theywouldntcomeout/AcrosstheMidwestthreepeopleandmorethan
2.3millionanimalsdiedintheflooding.Goodhileisgratefulforthefirstvolunteerswhoriskedtheirlivestosaveothers.VolunteersfromasfarawayasOhioandNorthCarolinarescuedpeopletrappedandarenowprovidingsuppliestothoseinneedandhelpingtorebuild.HIassesshomestoseeiftheyresafetoliveinafterallofthedamage/saidvolunteerSteveMetcalph.nSeveralstepsneedtobetakentoensurethatahouseissafeandhabitableafterflooding.Cleaningoutahomeandmakingrepairsafterflooddamagecanbeatoughcomplexprocess.Roadsbridgesandhighwayswerealsodamaged.Mostofthehighwaysandroadshavereopenedbutnearlyonemillionhomesarestillawaitingclean-ups..WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesNebraska*ssituationinlateMarchA.Terrible.B.Changeable.C.Pleasant.D.Effective..WhathappenedtoJeanieGoodhile*sfarmA.Hereffortstosavesomeanimalswereinvain.B.Theflooddidntkillanyanimalonthefarm.C.Therewasnovolunteertohelpsavethefarm.D.Shehadnotimetosavetheanimalsonthefarm..WhatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextA.Survivorsintheflood.AjointefforttosaveanimalsC.ThegovernmentsgreatcontributionsD.VolunteershelpingvictimsthroughfloodII七选五Earthquakecanstrikewithoutwarning.Butmanyinjuriesanddeathsfromthiskindofnaturaldisastercanbepreventedifpeoplefollowthesesafetytips.Ifyoureinsideabuildingstaythere!Oneofthemostdangerousthingstodoinanearthquakeistotrytoleaveabuilding.
①Droptotheground.Getundersomethingthatisnoteasilydamaged.Holdontoituntiltheshakingstops.Youcanalsogettoacomerformedbytwowallswithyourarmsoveryourhead.Ifyoureinbedwhentheearthquakehitsstaythereandprotectyourheadwithapillow.
②Donttakeshelterundertreesstreetlightselectricpolesortallbuildings.Ifyouaredrivingstopasquicklyaspossibleandstayawayfromoverpasses立交桥,buildingsbridgesoranythingelsethatmightfallorcollapsebeneathyou.3Ifyouaretrappedinruinscoveryourmouthwithahandkerchieforapieceofcloth.Useyourcellphonetocallforhelpifpossible.Dontshout.
④Taponapipeorthewallsorescuerscanfindyou.Bepreparedforaftershocks.
⑤Howeversometimestheyevenhappenmonthslater.Thereforeifyouarenotinasafeplaceafterthefirstshockyoushouldmovequicklybutcarefullytoasaferplace.A.Dontmoveaboutorkickupdust.B.Ifyoureoutsidegotoanopenspace.C.Shoutingcancauseyoutobreatheindust.D.Dontparkyourcarunderatreeoranytallobject.E.Takeagoodholdofyourcellphoneinthebuilding.F.Theycanhappeninthefirsthoursaftertheearthquake.G.Mostinjurieshappenwhenpeopleinsidebuildingstrytogoout.答案I阅读理解答案1-3AAD解析
1.细节理解题.根据文章第一段可知,三月下旬内布拉斯加州遭遇了洪水灾害,当时的情况是十分糟糕和悲惨的terrible意为糟糕的”.故选A..细节理解题.根据第三段中WhenIattemptedtogetsomeanimalsoutoftheirpens(畜栏),theywouldntcomeout.可知她想从畜栏里救出一些动物,可是它们不愿出来,由此可知,她的努力白费了.故选A..主旨大意题.通读全文可知本文主要讲在洪水来临时志愿者帮助那些受难者(包括人和动物)渡过难关D项作为标题最合适.II七选五答案
①-
⑤GBDCF解析
①根据空前的两句可知,发生地震时最危险的事情之一是试图从建筑物里逃出来因此此空应介绍这样做的后果,即容易受伤故选G
②根据空后的undertreesstreetlightselectricpolesortallbuildings可知这里说的是室外的情况,因此设空处的内容应该是:要是在室外,去一个宽阔的地方.故选B.
③前面谈论的是驾驶时发生地震需要如何做,此空承接上句应该说明不要把车停在树下或高大的物体下面.故选D.
④本段主要谈论的是如果被困在废墟中该如何做.根据空前的Donishout.可知后一句应该是解释大声喊会带来什么后果,故选C.
⑤根据空后的Howeversometimestheyevenhappenmonthslater.可知前面要说的是余震可能会在地震后几小时内发生,故选F培优拔尖阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要Gettingridofdirtintheopinionofmostpeopleisagoodthing.Howeverthereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcenturypeoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdiseaseasmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin
1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIVKingofFrancewasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabaththekingorderedthattoavoidtheattackofdiseasethenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemerit(好处)ofdirtwaslong-liveddirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeakingcleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.YetitseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhiteclothseversoftersurfacestoshine.HasthehatefordirthowevergonetoofarAttitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirtwhichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.OnthecontraryMaryRuebushanAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatter(后者)positionisgainingsomeground.[参考范文]Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.(要点l)ForalongtimeinhistorypeopleofsomeEuropeancountriessuchasFrancebelievedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.(要点2)Howeverpeoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.(要点3).Somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystemthough.(要点4)记叙文圈出记叙文的六要素whowhenwherewhathowwhy如果是夹叙夹议文,还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意说明文找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议议论文提取议论文的三要素论点、论据、论证Yourattitudecaninfluenceyourfuture.(要/点l)Ifyouwanttoimproveyourattitudeyoumuststaywiththepersonswithapositiveattitudeandactwithapurpose.(要点2)Inadditionyoushouldnotcompareyourselfwithothers.(要点3)Lastlygivingthanksforwhatyouhavewillimproveyourattitude.(要点4)[点评].要点
1、2概括不够全面.要点2可变换句式,避免重复使用youmust/should...o.要点3可使用同义词替换givethanksfor。