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17ReadingandThinking目标导航素养目标单元知识抢先知文化意识L从历史事件的角度了解国内外发生过的一些重大自然灾害,树立防灾意识和自我保护意识
2.具备积极应对灾难的意识和态度思维品质能调动已有的知识和经验,归纳、概括、整合所获信息;能在实践中运用所学知识应对与灾难有关的困难,增强解决问题的意识和能力学习能力.能根据听力问题,预判听力内容并能提炼出关键信息掌握在阅读中根据上下文猜测词义的策略语言能力■必记单词(主题语境:人与自然之自然灾害与防范)知识精讲重点短语asusualasifcometoanendinruinsblowawaycutacrossinsteadofinshockfalldowngothroughintheopenaironhandsweepawaycarryoutgiveup经典句型.everywhere弓|导地点状语从句.asif引导表语从句.leavesb+宾语补足语‘‘使某人处于.现在分词短语作结果状语.bedoingsthwhen...正在做某事这时…….make+it+形容词+不定式核心语法限制性定语从句
(1)话题写作概要写作【核心词汇】l.ruinn.vt.破坏;毁坏搭配fallintoruin衰落,衰败financialruin破产
2.shock
(1)n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克搭配inshock震惊,吃惊Hesstillinastateofshock.他至今还惊魂未定Thenewsofhisdeathcameasagreatshocktoeveryone.他去世的消息让所有人都非常震惊Shewastakentohospitalsufferingfromshock.她因休克被送到医院)vt.(使)震惊搭配Itshockssb.tosee/hear…看到/听到使某人震惊Itshockedthemtohearthathehadgoneabroad.听说他出国的消息,他们惊讶不已trapvt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套(trap一trapped一trapped)be/gettr叩pedin困在中;陷入中trapsb.intodoingsth.诱使某人做某事Theyweretrappedinthelift他们被困在电梯里Bycleverquestioningtheytrappedhimintotellingthetruth.他们用巧妙的提问诱使他说出真相n.险境;陷阱lay/setatrap(forsb.)(给某人)设下圈套fall/walkintoatrap落入圈套peoplecaughtintheunemploymenttrap陷入失业困境中的人们Ifyouchoosethiswayyourelikelytofallintoatrap.如果你选择这条路你可能会落入圈套.buryvt.埋葬;安葬搭配buryonesface/headinoneshands双手掩面/双手抱头buryonesfeelings隐藏感情,感情不外露adeeplyburiedmemory深埋的记忆.breathevi.vt呼吸搭配breathein/out吸气/呼气breatheinto注入breatheregularly均匀呼吸breathehard呼吸困难breathefreely/easily安下心来breatheasighofrelief舒了一口气
6.suffer
(1)vt.遭受;蒙受pain/hardship经历痛苦/困难adefeat/aloss/damage/punishment遭受失败/损失/损害/惩罚Sheissufferingalotofpain.她遭受着巨大的痛苦Thecarsufferedheavydamageintheaccident.这辆汽车在事故中遭到了严重破坏vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦abadback背疼abadcold患重感冒illhealth身体不好aheadache/toothache头痛/牙痛Howlonghaveyoubeensufferingfromaheadache你头痛有多久了?【词语积累】sufferern.患病者;受苦者;受难者sufferingn.苦难;痛苦;让人痛苦的事(常用复数)【核心句型】.句型公式asif=asthough似乎;好像;仿佛,可用来引导表语从句和方式状语从句(教材p.5O)Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!仿佛世界末日即将来临!arif/though所外定的从句中的语I及时感陈述语气(臬实用根有可能发生的精丸)[虚拟现在t从句词语动试用did(bc动伺asif/though•虚拟语气(不臭发我用were)不可能发生的结义)[虚拟过夫小addone虚拘署Aiwould/(might/could+do[佳句]Somepeopleonlosingajoboraspecialrelationshipmayfeelasifitweretheendoftheworld.有些人一失去工作或失恋,就觉得好像到了世界末日似的.句型公式leavesb+宾语补足语“使某人处于……”(教材p.50)Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.数以千计的孩子失去了父母leave复合结构的主要用法如下“介词短语名词/形容词/副词leave+宾语+〈、、分词、不定式[佳句]Hisillnesshaslefthimveryweak.他的病使他很虚弱羔基础过关I单句语法填空TheliftsuddenlybrokedownandItrapinside.Thesoldierdiedinthewarandburyinthecemetery.Theearthquakesleftthewholecitiesinruin.HearingthenewsthatthetownwasfloodedTimwasshock.Hetookadeepbreatheandbegantoclimbthestairs.ZhugeLiangisamanofgreatwiseinChineselegend.Thesignsofaneconomicreviveareonlyjustbeginning.Therewasagirlinhisclasswhosufferedaseriousbackdisease.Wemustmakeeffortstakeexerciseforthebenefitofourhealth.Onlyonethirdofthestudentsinourclassbegirls.】l.wastrapped
2.wasburied
3.ruins
4.inbreath
6.wisdom
7.revival
8.from
9.totakelO.areH.完成句子.Iwaslastnight.我昨晚太兴奋了,睡不着觉.thestudentsinourclassareinterestedinphysics.我们班三分之二的学生对物理感兴趣.shereceivesawarmwelcome.无论走到哪里,她都受到了热烈欢迎
4.Hebehavedasif.他表现得好像什么事情都没发生过一样
5.Thisquestion这个问题容易回答【答案】l.tooexcitedtofallasleep
2.Twothirdsof
3.Everywhereshegoes
4.nothinghadhappened
5.iseasytoanswer能力提升微写作地震之后,几乎所有的建筑物都严重受损inruins世界好像asif到了末日cometoanend然而人们对未来的希望并没有被毁destroy无论朝哪里看,我们都能看到救援人员rescueworkers工作的身影他们救出了一些被困在betrappedin废墟中的人,并掩埋bury死者他们有时太忙而喝不上一口水Onepossibleversion Aftertheearthquakenearlyallthebuildingswereinruins.ltseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend.Howeverpeopleshopefbrthefuturewasntdestroyed.Everywherewelookedwecouldseerescueworkersworking.Theysavedsomepeoplewhoweretrappedintheruinsandburiedthedead.Sometimestheyweretoobusytodrinkwater.Theywereverygreat.培优拔尖Earthquakescanstrikewithoutwarning.Butmanyinjuriesanddeathsfromthiskindofnaturaldisastercanbepreventedifpeoplefollowthesesafetytips.Ifyoureinsideabuildingstaythere!Oneofthemostdangerousthingstodoinanearthquakeistotrytoleaveabuilding.1Droptotheground.Getunderanobject(物体)thatisnoteasilydamaged.Holdontoituntiltheshakingstops.Youcanalsogettoacornerformedbytwowallswithyourarmsoveryourhand.Ifyoureinbedwhenthequakehitsstaythereandprotectyourheadwithapillow.2Donttakeshelterunderatreestreetlightselectricpolesortallbuildings.Ifyouaredrivingstopasquicklyaspossibleandstayawayfromoveipassesbuildingsbridgesoranythingelsethatmightfallorcollapsebeneathyou.3Ifyouaretrappedinruinscoveryourmouthwithahandkerchieforapieceofclothing.Useyourcellphonetocallforhelpifpossible.Dontshout.4Tap(敲)okapipeorthewallsorescuerscanfindyou.Bepreparedforaftershocks.5Howeversometimestheyevenhappenmonthslater.Thereforeifyouarenotinasafeposition(位置)afterthefirstshockyoushouldmovequicklybutcarefullytoasaferplace.Dontmoveaboutorkickupdust.Ifyoureoutsidegotoanopenspace.Shoutingcancauseyoutobreatheindust.Dontparkyourcarunderatreeoranytallobject.Takeagoodholdofyourcellphoneinthebuilding.Theycanhappeninthefirsthoursaftertheearthquake.Mostinjurieshappenwhenpeopleinsidebuildingstrytogoout.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了在地震中防止死亡和受伤的一些安全知识G根据空前句Ifyoureinsideabuildingstaythere!Oneofthemostdangerousthingstodoinanearthquakeistotrytoleaveabuilding.”可知G项和上句有对应的关键词“peopleinsidebuildingstrytogoout”而且G项(大多数的伤亡发生在大厦里的人们试图出去的时候)也能承接上句B根据空后“Donttakeshelterunderatreestreetlightselectricpolesortallbuildings(不要在树下、街灯下、电线杆下或高楼下躲避)可知,B项(如果你在外面,你就要到一个开阔的地方)符合本段的意思D因D项有与本段上文相同的句式结构(即Dont..)且D项(不要把车停在树下或任何一个高的物体之下)是补全主题的其他细节,也能承接上文C根据空前句“Dontshout.“可知,C项中相对应的关键词shouting且C项(大喊会使你吸入灰尘)正好承接上句F根据本段的主题句“Bepreparedforaftershocks.”和空后的描述可知,F项(余震在地震后的最初几个小时里就可能发生)正好说明主题的细节,而且和空后的句子构成转折关系H.语法填空Earthquakescanbedestructive.UnfdrtunatelywedonthaveaL(rely)waytopredict.Buttechnologiescanstillhelpusundersuchadesperatesituation.Chinaisbuildingtheworldslargestearthquakealertsystemandits
2.(possible)themostadvanced.Engineers工(set)upover15000sensors(传感器)nationwideandwiringthemintoaweb.
4.anearthquakehappensthesensorscansendelectricalpulsestothecontrolcentreandthenordinarypeoplessmartphones.Thesignaltravelsatalmostlightspeedandfasterthantheearthquakeshaking5(give)localpeoplealittletimetoprepareandthesystemcanusuallysendmessagestopeopleinlessthantwoseconds.Ifslife-saving.Thesystem
6.canbethemostadvancedinmanywayswillbethelargestearthquakeobservationnetworkintheworldnotonlydetectingthe
7.(move)ofthecontinentsbutalsocalculatingthepossibleimpact
8.anearthquake.ltwillautomaticallywarnlocalpeoplemaking9(it)muchfasterthanhumanobservation.ThesystemoverseenbyChina9sMinistryofEmergencyManagementisset
10.(complete)in
2022.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中国正在建设世界上最大的地震预警系统reliable考查形容词句意不幸的是,我们没有一个可靠的方法来预测本空修饰名词way故应用形容词reliable意为“可靠的,可信赖的possibly考查副词句意它可能是最先进的本空修饰形容词advanced故应用副词possiblyaresetting考查时态句意:工程师们正在全国范围内安装超过15000个传感器,并将它们连接到一个网络上根据后面and并列的动词wiring及句意可知,本空应用现在进行时aresettingoWhen/If/Once/After考查状语从句连接词句意当/如果/一旦/地震发生时(地震发生后),传感器可以向控制中心发送电脉冲根据句意可知,本空可填When/If/Once/Afterogiving考查现在分词句意该信号的传送速度几乎达到光速,比地震的震动速度还要快,给当地居民一点时间做准备本空在句中作状语,且和主语“Thesignal”之间为主动关系,故应用现在分词作状语which考查非限制性定语从句本空引导限制性定语从句,修饰“Thesystem”,本空在从句中作主语,指物,故应用关系代词whichmovement/move考查名词句意不仅可以探测大陆的运动根据空前冠词the及空后介词of可知,本空应用名词形式movement或moveof考查介词thepossibleimpact
8.anearthquake意为“地震可能的影响”,故本空应填介词Ofoitself考查代词句意它会自动向当地人发出警告,比人类的观察速度快得多making的逻辑主语为句子的主语it即thesystem和本空人称一致,故本空应用反身代词itself作宾语,代替语境中的“预警系统本身tobecompleted考查不定式句意:该系统由中国应急管理部监管,预计将于2022年完工根据句中时间状语“in2022”可知,这里用不定式的一般式表示将来要进行的动作,且句中主语“Thesystem”与complete”之间为被动关系,故本空应用不定式的被动结构tobecompletedodisasterdroughtslidefloodrescuedamagedeathaffectshelterminpercentshockelectricitytrapburybreatheeffortwisdomcontextsuffervolcanoeniptsupplytyphoonhurricanesurvivepipeemergencycalmaidcrashsweepwavestrikedeliversummaryeffectlength。