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20单元复习与提升目标导航1分层单词写作词汇disaster〃•灾难;灾害drought〃.旱灾;久旱slidevi.vt.（使）滑行；滑动flood洪水;大量近.淹没；大量涌入近.使灌满水；淹没rescuen.W营救;救援ruinn.泣.破坏;毁坏随使落入险境;使陷入圈套机险境;陷阱buryM埋葬;安葬effort〃.努力;艰难的尝试；尽力supply〃.供应（量）；补给；⑺/1补给品位.供应；供给calm/办镇静的:沉着的以使平静；使镇静aid〃.援助;帮助；救援物资vz.vt.（formal）帮助；援助crashM.
5.碰撞:撞击”.撞车;碰撞sweepvt.历.打扫；清扫wave刀海浪:波浪讥.以挥手;招手strikevz.vt.（struckstruck/stricken）侵袭;突击;击打〃.罢工;罢课;袭击阅读词汇tornadon.（//.-oesor-os）龙卷风；旋风landsliden.（landfall）（山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡tsunami.海啸magnitudeq（地）震级；重大evacuate泣.疏散；撤出历.撤离helicoptero直.升机crack〃.裂纹；裂缝应.（使）破裂unifyvi.统一；（使）成一体tapvi.义轻叩；轻敲；轻拍〃.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲whistle玩吹口哨；发出笛声刀吹口哨〃.哨子（声）；呼啸声拓展词汇.damage泣.损害；破坏〃.损坏；损失—damaged〃力•.被损坏的—damaging〃力.造成破坏的;有害的.destroy泣.摧毁;毁灭—destructivead/引起破坏（或毁灭）的；破坏（或毁灭）性的—destruction〃.摧毁;毁灭；破坏.death〃.死;死亡—deadadj.死的;失去生命的—dyingad/.垂死的一deadlyadj.（可能）致命的极其；非常一师吠死亡affectW影响;（疾病）侵袭；深深打动—affectivead/.情感的—affection〃.喜爱;钟爱shelter〃.避难所:居所；庇护保护；掩蔽应.躲避（风雨或危险）sheltered〃力.受到保护的;有遮蔽物的shockvt.（使）震惊机休克；令人震惊的事；震惊—shocking.令人震惊的—shockedq办感到震惊的electricityn电；电能一electricadj.电的；用电的一electronicadj.电子的breathevz.呼吸-breathlessadj.（令人）气喘吁吁的；（令人）屏息的—breath〃.呼吸的空气revivevt.切.复活;（使）苏醒-revival振兴;复苏wisdomn智慧；才智—wiseadj明智的；充满智慧的—unwiseadj.不明智的suffer遭受;蒙受vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦—suffering儿折磨;苦难eruptvi.vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出Teruption〃.喷发survive沅.生存;存活幸存；艰难度过Tsurvival〃.幸存Tsurvivor〃.幸存者power〃.电力供应;能量；力量；控制力一powerful巳力.强壮的;强有力的—Dowerlessad/.无能为力;无权的emergencyn突发事件;紧急情况一emergentadj.新兴的一emerge乜浮现;出现delivervt.
5.递送;传达以发表—delivery〃.递送:交付effect加结果;效果；影响—effective•.有效的;起作用的—effectivelyadv.有效地:实际上:事实上length拉.长度；长Tengthen（使）变长—Jong长的2高频短语volcaniciruption火山喷发asif似乎:好像:仿佛inruins严重受损:破败不堪inshock震惊:吃惊intheopenair露天;在户外6rstaidkit急救箱onhand现有（尤指帮助）sweepaway消灭；彻底消除3经典句型Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat（太焦躁不安以至于吃不下东西）anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.（too...to...）Itseemedasif（似乎）theworldwerecomingtoanend!（asif）Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhen（我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，这时）waterstartedfillingmyhome.bedoing...when...Howeverdangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfbodnndsupplies使运送食物和物资变得困难.make+it+M+todo主题延展【话题重现】Disasterssuchastornadoesfloodslandslidesvolcaniceruptionstyphoonstsunamishurricanesandearthquakeshavecomeoneafteranothercausinggreatdamagetomanycountries.On20DecemberaseriesofhugewavescausedbyanunderseaearthquakeracedacrosstheoceannearGoldshoreandleftthousandsdead.GoldshoreBeachwastheonlylocalbeach
1.survivethedisasterwithoutanylossoflife.A10-year-oldgirlSabrinaAndronhelpedaround100peopleescape
2.dangerouswithherknowledgeoftsunamis.ThedaybeganlikeanyotheronGoldshoreBeach.Peoplewerewalkingrunning
3.simplysittingonthesandybeach
4.enjoythewarmseaairandthesoftwindthatbrushedtheirhair.Sabrinawasoneofthehappy
5.touristuntilshenoticedsomethingodd.Thewaterwaslikethebubblesonthetopofabeer“shelaterexplained.Itwasntcalmanditwasntgoinginandthenout.Itwasjustcominginandinandin.^^SabrinahadjustlearntabouttsunamisinaGeographylesson.Itimmediately
6.strikeherthattheseweresignsofanapproachingtsunami.Sabrinawasfrightenedbutshesoonkeptherhead.Shewarnedherparentsofthedanger
7.atfirsttheyjustthoughtshewasjoking.HoweverSabrinawascertainthataterribledisasterwason
8.itwayandkeptaskingherparentstotalktoasafetyofficer.
9.hergreatrelieftheofficerimmediatelyrealizedthecomingdanger.Thebeachwas
10.rapidclearedofpeoplejustbeforethehugewavescrashedintothecoast.答案tosurvive
2.danger
3.or
4.enjoying
5.tourists
6.struck
7.though
8.its
9.To
10.rapidly【主题词汇】羔分层提分I.单句语法填空theaidofourEnglishteacherwehavemadegreatprogressthisterm.AsisknowntoalhastrongandpowerChinawillcertainlybenefitthewholeworld.HeavyfloodsstriketheSouthlastweekcausinggreatdamagetothelocalpeople.Severaldayslatermostofthebuildingswhichhadbeendamagewererepaired.Itisapitythatthe500-year-oldwoodentowerdestroyinthefirelastyear.Theirinventionshavecontributedtothedevelopmentofelectricityengineering.Inhislifehesetanexampleofbraveryandwisetoothers.Sixmonthsaftersufferourdefeatonthespringpracticefieldwewonourfirstgame.Thegovernmenthasdeclaredastateofemergentfollowingtheearthquake.Sheheardthewindwhistlethroughthetreesandthehowlofadistantwolf.答案.With
2.powerful
3.struck
4.damaged
5.wasdestroyed
6.electrical
7.electrical
8.suffering
9.emergency
10.whistling.完成句子
1.他讲起英语来好像他是个美国人asifHespeaksEnglish.2•他妻子去世的消息使他大为震惊shockThenewsofhiswifesdeathwas..被认为，这场风暴造成多达4人死亡asmanyasThestormisthoughttoberesponsiblefor..我站在那里，等着他现在分词作状语Istoodthere..他们到得太晚了，没能赶上第一班车too...to...Theygotthere..我正沿着河边走，突然听到了一个男孩的呼救声bedoing...whenIheardaboycryingforhelp.答案:.asif/thoughhewereanAmerican.aterribleshocktohim.asmanyasfourdeaths_.waitingforhim_.toolatetocatch.waswalkingalongtheriverwhen能力提升I.阅读理解IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouthEnglandtoNorthAmerica—andtheirMayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-wrappedsnackstheirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworldsoceanstodaywaitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroystersandfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.Becauseplasticwasntinventeduntilthelate19thcenturyanditsproductiononlyreallytookoffaround1950wehaveamere
9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthatmorethan
6.9billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthatwasteasuiprising
6.3billiontonsnevermadeittoarecyclingbin—thefigurethatshockedthescientistswhopublishedthenumbersin
2017.Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheoceantheearthslastsink.In2015JennaJambeckanengineeringprofessoroftheUniversityofGeorgiacaughteveryonesattentionwitharoughestimate between
5.3millionand14milliontonsofplasticwasteeachyearjustcomefromcoastalregions.Meanwhileoceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarine（海洋的）animalseveryyear.Nearly700speciesincludingendangeredonesareknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Someareharmedvisiblystuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizesfromzooplanktontowhalesnoweatmicroplasticsthebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.“ThisisntaproblemthatwedontknowwhatthesolutionissaysTedSiegleraVermontresourceeconomistwhohasspentmorethan25yearsworkingwithdevelopingnationsongarbage.Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle.Ifsamatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystemsideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.）
1.WhydoestheauthormentionthePilgrimsinParagraph1A.Toproveplasticwasdifficulttoinvent.B・Tointroducewhatmarineanimalslikeeating.TotellthePilgrimscontributedalottothemarineprotection.Toshowplasticwastehasalastingeffectontheocean.
2.WhatsthemaintroublemarineanimalsfaceaccordingtothetextA.Lackingprotection.B・Beingstuckbyplastics.C・Beingcaughtbyhumans.D.Treatingplasticsasfood.
3.WhatdoesTedSieglerwanttotellusinthelastparagraphA.Somepeopledontknowthesolutiontoplasticwaste.B・Plasticswillturntheoceanintoasoupofplastic.Itstimetotakemeasurestodealwithplasticwaste.Peopleshouldavoidusingplasticstoprotecttheocean.
4.FromwhichisthetextprobablytakenA.Abiologytextbook.B・Atravelbrochure.C・Anenvironmentalreport.D.Alifestylemagazine.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋带来的巨大危害，并呼吁人们积极行动起来，保护海洋环境I推理判断题根据第一段可知，作者在第一段中提到Pilgrims是为了表明塑料垃圾对海洋有持久的影响故选D项D细节理解题根据第四段可知，海洋动物面临的主要问题是把塑料当作食物故选D项C推理判断题根据最后一段中可知，TedSiegler想告诉我们是采取措施处理塑料垃圾的时候了故选C项C题材来源题文章主要是关于海洋垃圾和海洋生物保护的，山此可推知这篇文章可能来自一份环境报告故选C项★阅读加油站plasticn./a/塑料visiblyad匕可见地abandonedadj.废弃的recyclev.循环利用roughestimate粗略估算Meanwhileoceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarineanimalseveryyear.与此同时，据估计，海洋塑料每年会杀死数百万海洋动物H.完形填空阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Earthquakesarecommon；thousandsofthemhappeneachday.Butmostaretoo]tofeel.Duringabigearthquakethereisoftenagreatnoisefirst.Thentheearth2terriblyandmanyhousesfalldown.Railwaytracksbreakandtrainsgo3lines;agreatmanyfactoriesare4；thousandsofdeathsarecausedandmanymorelosehomes.5thegreatdamageanddeathscausedbytheearthquake6otherdisasterssuchasfiresoften7Morebuildingsaredestroyedandmoredeathscaused.Manknowsthe8ofapossibleearthquakeandforcenturiesmanhasbeenmakingresearchesonearthquakes.Morethan2000yearsago9aChinesescientistnamedZhangHeng10amachinewhichcouldfindoutfromwhichdirectiontheseismicwaveshadcomeandthismachineisstill11byscientiststoday.Nowweknowmuchmoreaboutearthquakesand12theyhappenbutwestillcannot13exactlywhenandwhereanearthquakewillhappenandcannotpreventitfromhappening.Soearthquakesareamongthe14disastersintheworld.Noonecanstopnaturalearthquakes.15scientistscanhelpstopearthquakesdestroyingwholecitiesandcausingtoomanydeaths.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了地震带来的灾难、人们对地震的认识以及为预测地震所做的研究A.extremeC.frighteningD.frequent解析选B有些地震太微弱了，以至于人们感觉不到A.movesB.shakesC.jumpsD.breaks解析选B根据常识可知，发生地震时，地面在晃动shakesA.offB.onC.intoD.behind解析选A根据Railwaytracksbreak可知铁轨断了，火车出off轨了A.burstC.destroyedD.buried解析选C工厂被破坏destroyedA.ExceptB.BesidesD.Becauseof解析选B根据第46空后的otherdisasters可知，除了地震造成的损失之外，还有别的灾难A.lonelyB.laterC.themselvesD.itself解析选D与后面的火灾相对应，强调地震本身造成的破坏A.followB.copyC.comeD.enter解析选A此处表示伴随地震而来的灾害，用follow“跟着”A.informationB.questionsC・dangersD.frights解析选C由常识可知，地震是很危险的A.asaresultB.infactC.forexampleD.aswell解析选C下面是作者的举例，说明人们为预测地震所做的研究A.inventedB.discoveredC.foundD.bought解析选A此处表示张衡发明了地动仪invent指发明原来世上不存在的东西或事物，符合句意A.improvedB.repairedC.protectedD.used解析选D现代的科学家仍然在使用张衡发明的地动仪由still可知D项正确A.whereB.whenC.whatD.why解析选D根据后面的whenandwhere判断此空选whyA.persuadeB.tellC.expressD.point解析选B此处表示我们仍然无法准确判断地震何时何地发生tell知道；判断，符合语境A.worstB.bestC.mostD.fastest解析选A由于无法准确预测地震何时何地发生，故认为其是最严重的灾难之一A.HoweverB.ButC.AndD.So解析选A前后句存在转折关系，but表示转折时不用逗号与其后内容隔开培优拔尖你的家乡受到地震侵袭，请写一篇新闻报道，叙述一下当时的场景以及政府救援的情况Aterribleearthquakehitmyhometownyesterday
1.（造成了巨大的破坏）.Alotofhousesandroadsweredestroyed
2.（使许多人受伤或无家可归）.
3.（似乎就要到世界末日了）！Luckily
4.（士兵们来帮助寻找幸存者），digoutpeople
5.（被困在废墟中）andburythedead.Thegovernmentprovidedfreshwaterfoodandsheltersforthepeopleinneed.答案.causinggreatdamageeavingagreatmanypeopleinjuredorhomeless
3.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend.thesoldierscametohelpsearchforthesurvivors.whoweretrappedinruins。
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