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江苏省盐城中学高三年级期末考试英语试卷（考试时间120分钟，总分150分）注意事项:.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上第一节（共5小题;每小题
1.5分，满分
7.5分）听下面5段对话每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题每段对话仅读一遍例Howmuchistheshirt答案是CoWhichlanguagecanRobertspeakwellWhatarethespeakersprobablytalkingaboutWhatisthetimenowWhereisthewomanWhatdoesthemanown第二节（共15小题;每小题L5分，满分
22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题newsystembyrelievingautomobilecongestionwillimprovethelivesofthosewhocontinuetodrive.Nooneeverpromotesatransportationsystembyarguingthatitwouldmaketravellinglessconvenient-eventhoughfromanenvironmentalperspectiveinconvenienttravelisaworthygoal.
12.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorgivesusthehintthathisrecommendationsare.A.notwidelysupportedB.costlytocarryoutC.generallyrecognizedD.temporarilybeneficialAccordingtothepassagewhatwillhappenifcommutingtimefordriversisreducedDriverswillbecomemoreproductiveemployees.Masstransportationwillbeextendedfartherintosuburbanareas.Driverswillbemorewillingtolivefartherfromtheirworkingplace.Masstransportationwillcarryfewerpassengersandreceivelessgovernmentfunding.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheauthorsattitudetowardsthemeasurestoimprovetrafficTheyareenvironmentallybeneficialandshouldbecarriedoutimmediately.Theyarewellintentionedbutultimatelyleadtoenvironmentalharm.Theywilldefinitelyarousepeoplesawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.Theywillonlyworkiftheycanmakedrivingmoreeconomicalandproductive.Theauthorwrotethismassagemainlyto.supporttheclaimthateffortstoreducetrafficactuallyincreasetraffic.opposethebeliefthatimprovingmasstransportationsystemsisgoodfortheenvironment.provideabalancebetweensuburbanexpansionandtrafficcongestion.indicatethatmakingdrivinglessagreeableisawaytoreducenegativeeffectsoftraffic.【答案】
12.A
13.C
14.B
15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文作者提出了为缓解交通对环境造成的破坏，需要减少汽车使用，把汽车出行变得不方便这一观点并不为大众所接受他通过指出减少通勤时间的好处和现行的一些缓解措施的不足分析支持自己的观点12题详解】推理判断题根据第一段第五句uNeedlesstosayIhavetostruggletomakemyselfextensivelyunderstood.（更不用说，我必须努力让自己被广泛地理解）”可知，作者的想法目前并没有被广泛接受，即没有被大众广泛支持故选A项【13题详解】推理判断题根据第二段最后一句Ifyoucutcommutingtimeby10percentpeoplewhonowdrivefiftymileseachwaytoworkcanfindreasontomovefivemilesfartheroutbecausetheirtraveltimewonchange.（如果你将通勤时间减少10%那么现在每天单程开车50英里上班的人就有理由再往外走5英里，因为他们的行程时间不会改变）”可知，如果通勤时间减少，人们会愿意住得离上班的地方更远些故选c项【14题详解】推理判断题根据第三段第一二句uTrafficcongestion（拥堵）isntanenvironmentalproblem;trafficis.Relievingcongestionwithoutdoinganythingtoreducethetotalvolumeofcarscanonlymaketherealproblemworse.Highwayengineershaveknownforalongtimethatbuildingnewcarlanesonlytemporarilyreducescongestionbecausethenewlanesaddadditionaldriving.（交通拥堵不是环境问题；交通本身就是不采取任何措施减少汽车总量来缓解拥堵只会使真正的问题变得更糟公路工程师们早就知道，修建新的车道只是暂时减少拥堵，因为新车道增加了额外的驾驶）”可知，作者认为现有的比如增加车道目的在不缓解拥堵，但实际上增加了驾驶，从长远看反而对环境有害故可推测出作者认为这些措施是出自好心，但对环境有害故选B项【15题详解】主旨大意题根据文章第一段第三句Thatmeansthatanewtrafficsystemhastobesupportedbyreductionincaruse.（这意味着新的交通系统必须通过减少汽车使用来支持）”和最后一句Nooneeverpromotesatransportationsystembyarguingthatitwouldmaketravellinglessconvenient-eventhoughfromanenvironmentalperspectiveinconvenienttravelisaworthygoal.（从来没有人通过争论某个交通系统会使旅行变得不那么方便来推广这个交通系统，尽管从环境角度来看，不方便的旅行是一个值得追求的目标）”可知，在作者眼里，为了缓解环境压力，把开车出行变得不那么方便，不那么让人开心是一个好方法在，这也是他在本文中推崇的故选D项第二节（共5小题;每小题
2.5分，满分
12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项StepstoTaketoBecomeaMorningPersonSeekoutasmuchnaturallightaspossible.ThesecrettobecomingamorningpersonisexposuretobrightlightsaysJenniferMartinpresidentoftheboardofdirectorsfbrtheAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicine.Thafsbecauselightsuppressesmelatoninahormonethatplaysanimportantroleincircadianrhythm.16Easeingradually.17Youcouldforceyourselftogetupatyourdesiredtimeeverydayknowingthatyoullfeeltiredduringthetransitionbutwillnaturallystartfallingasleepearlierwithinafewweeks.Butforsomepeople-likethosewhoneedtodrivelongdistances-thosefirstfewdaysofexhaustionfromswitchingtoanewschedulearentsafe.InthatcaseMartinrecommendsgraduallyeasingintotheearly-birdlife.WhatIllsuggesttopeopleistoshifthalfanhourwaitafewdaysshiftanotherhalfanhourwaitafewdaysandthenshiftanotherhalfanhourshesays.18Aconsistentbedtimeisntascrucialasstickingtothesamewakeuptimeeverydaybutitsstillimportanttomakesureyouregettingenoughsleep.Mostpeopleshouldaimfbratleastsevenhoursanight—soyoullprobablyneedtoinchyourbedtimeforwardasyoutransitiontoanewschedule.Startingatleastanhourbeforeyouhitthesackcutbackonhowmuchexposuretobrightlightyouregettingexpertsadvise.19Plansomethingtolookforwardto.20Nowisthetimetogobuyyourfavoritecoffeeorpickupsomepastriestohavewhenyouralarmgoesoffat5a.m.Jshesays.“Yourenotdreadingitifyouthinkofthat.”Rescheduleyourbedtime.Winddownintheevenings.Thesunisthedriverofourinternalclock.Therearetwowaystoapproachyourjourneytoearlyrising.TotemptyououtofbedMartinsuggeststreatingyourselftosomethingspecial.Beingexposedtoartificiallightinthelateeveningcouldinterferewithyourabilitytofallasleep.Theyalsorecommendrethinkingthecurtainsyoumightusetofosteraverydarksleepingenvironment.【答案】
16.C
17.D
18.B
19.F
20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文文章主要说明了一些有助于早起的建议【16题详解】根据上文“ThesecrettobecomingamorningpersonisexposuretobrightlightsaysJenniferMartinpresidentoftheboardofdirectorsfortheAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicine.Thafsbecauselightsuppressesmelatoninahormonethatplaysanimportantroleincircadianrhythm.（美国睡眠医学学会董事会主席詹妮弗♦马丁说，早起的秘诀就是多晒太阳这是因为光线会抑制褪黑激素，而褪黑激素在昼夜节律中起着重要作用）”可知，上文提到了光线会抑制褪黑激素，说明多晒太阳可以调节体内的生物钟故C选项“太阳是我们体内时钟的驱动者”符合语境，故选C【17题详解】根据后文“Youcouldforceyourselftogetupatyourdesiredtimeeverydayknowingthatyoullfeeltiredduringthetransitionbutwillnaturallystartfallingasleepearlierwithinafewweeks.Butforsomepeople一likethosewhoneedtodrivelongdistances一thosefirstfewdaysofexhaustionfromswitchingtoanewschedulearentsafe.InthatcaseMartinrecommendsgraduallyeasingintotheearly-birdlife.WhatIllsuggesttopeopleistoshifthalfanhourwaitafewdaysshiftanotherhalfanhourwaitafewdaysandthenshiftanotherhalfanhourshesays.（你可以强迫自己每天在你想要时间起床，知道在过渡期间你会感到疲劳，但在几周内就会自然地开始早睡但对于一些人来说，比如那些需要长途驾驶的人，转换到新时间表后最初几天的疲惫是不安全的在这种情况下，马丁建议逐渐进入早起鸟的生活她说“我建议人们换半小时，等几天，再换半小时，等几天，然后再换半小时可知，本段主要说明了开启早起的具体方法，故D选项“有两种方法来开启你的早起之旅”符合语境，故选D【18题详解】根据本段内容uAconsistentbedtimeisntascrucialasstickingtothesamewakeuptimeeverydaybutitsstillimportanttomakesureyouregettingenoughsleep.Mostpeopleshouldaimforatleastsevenhoursanight-soyoullprobablyneedtoinchyourbedtimeforwardasyoutransitiontoanewschedule.Startingatleastanhourbeforeyouhitthesackcutbackonhowmuchexposuretobrightlightyouregettingexpertsadvise.（固定的就寝时间并不像每天起床时间一样重要，但确保睡眠充足仍然很重要大多数人每晚至少应该睡7个小时，所以当你过渡到新的作息时间时，你可能需要一点点地提前就寝时间专家建议，至少在睡觉前一小时开始，减少你接触强光的时间）”可知，本段主要说明了确保晚上的睡眠充足，空处为本段小标题，应体现晚上放松来确保睡眠质量的观点故B选项“晚上放松一下”符合语境，故选B【19题详解】根据上文uStartingatleastanhourbeforeyouhitthesackcutbackonhowmuchexposuretobrightlightyou5regettingexpertsadvise.（专家建议，至少在睡觉前一小时开始，减少你接触强光的时间）”可知，上文提到建议睡前减少接触强光的时间，本句为本段最后一句，说明这么做的原因在深夜暴露在人造光下会影响你入睡故F选项“在深夜暴露在人造光下会影响你入睡”符合语境，故选F【20题详解】根据后文“Nowisthetimetogobuyyourfavoritecoffeeorpickupsomepastriestohavewhenyouralarmgoesoffat5a.m.Jshesays.Yourenotdreadingitifyouthinkofthat.（她说“现在是时候去买你最喜欢的咖啡或买一些糕点，在早上5点闹钟响的时候吃如果你想到这一点，你就不会害怕了可知，后文提到通过在早上吃喜欢吃的食物，来摆脱起床的恐惧，故E选项“为了吸引你起床，马丁建议给自己一些特别的东西”符合语境，故选E第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Oneofmyneighborsusedtohaveabeautifultreeinherfrontyard.Herdadhadplanteditforherwhenitwas21alittlebranchandseveralyearslateritstartedto22towardstheskyatanamazingspeed.Soonit23herwithcoolingshadeinthesummerandgloriousgoldenleavesinthefall.Whenthetwo-daysnowstormstruckourtownheavysnowfellonthetreesbranchesthatwerestillfullofleaves.Theweightsplitthatlovelytreedownthemiddle.Iwasso24seeinghalfofitlyingonthegroundafterthestorm.WhenItalkedtomyneighborlatershesaidthatthedamagehadbeentoomuchandthattheentiretreewouldhavetobecutdown.
25.shehadsavedafewseedlingsfromitthatshehopedtoreplantinthefuture.Stillitwasa（n）26todrivebyherhousetheotherdayandseenothingbutastump（树桩）inherfrontyard.Imissedthattree.Imisseditsbranchesitsleaves27intheafternoonsun.Imissedseeingitslimbsreachtowardstheheavens.Ithoughtthatthestumpwouldbeasadreminderofits28foralongtimetocome.Mywonderfulneighborhadanotherplan
29.WhenIdrovebyherhometodayIsawatinybirdfeedersittingonthatstumpandacolorfulsongbirdhavingitsdinner.Itwassuchanaffirmation（肯定）of
30.Itwassuchajoyto
31.Lifebyitsverynatureisa32bag.Ithandsusbothbeautyand
33、loveandlosspleasureandpain.Whatwedowithithoweverisuptous.Wecanletitsplitusintwoorwecanuseevenits34timestomakeoursoulsstrongerandourheartsmoreloving.Wecanspenditcomplainingorwecan35ittohelpothers.【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文作者很喜欢邻居家的一棵树，但是这棵树不幸在一场暴雪中被严重损害，邻居不得已只有把它砍掉，为此作者感到惋惜和怀念可当邻居在树桩上安装喂鸟器引来鸟儿时，作者看到了生命的迹象因此他恍然大悟，原来生命是一个混合体，给我们带来不同的体验面对生命不好的一面时，我们可以选择被击败，也可以选择变得更强大[21题详解】考查固定短语辨析句意当它还只是一根小树枝的时候，爸爸就为她种下了它，几年后，它开始以惊人的速度冲向天空A.noneotherthan不是别人（他物）而正是；B.nothingmorethan只不过，仅仅；C.nowherenear远不及；D.anythingbut决不根据空后的alittlebranch可知此处指“当它还只是一根小树枝时”，故选B【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意同上A.circulate循环;B.tower高出;C.shoot（使朝某方向）冲，奔；D.stand站立根据空前的useveralyearslater以及空后towardstheskyatanamazingspeed可知，几年后，这棵树开始以惊人的速度向上生长故选C【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意很快，它就为她带来了夏天凉爽的树荫和秋天灿烂的金色树叶A.equipped装备，配备；B.decorated装饰；C.blessed祝福;D.honoured尊敬根据空后“withcoolingshadeinthesummerandgloriousgoldenleavesinthefall”可矢口，此处指这棵树为她带来了夏天凉爽的树荫和秋天灿烂的金色树叶，blesssbwithsth以某物施惠于某人，使某人有幸得到某物，符合语境，故选C【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析句意暴风雨过后，看到它的一半躺在地上，我很伤心A.relieved宽慰的；B.grieved伤心的；C.astonished震惊的；D.fascinated入迷的根据空后“seeinghalfofitlyingonthegroundafterthestormv可知，看到这个情景，作者应是感到伤心，故选B【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析句意幸好她从中挽救了几棵幼苗，希望将来能重新种植A.Originally起初，原来；B.Doubtfully怀疑地；C.Thankfully感激地；D.Critically批判性地根据上文“theentiretreewouldhavetobecutdown（整棵树都得砍倒）”及空后“shehadsavedafewseedlingsfromit（她从中救了几棵幼苗）”可知，作者对这棵树被毁感到很惋惜，故此处用“幸亏”可以表达作者听说邻居留有幼苗时的心情，故选C【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意不过，前几天开车经过她家时，看到前院除了一个树桩什么都没有还是让人震惊A.amazement惊奇；B.shock震惊；C.annoyance烦恼；D.delight高兴根据空后“seenothingbutastump（树桩）inherfrontyard”及下文作者提到想念那棵树可知，作者看到邻居的前院只有一个树桩时感到震惊，故选B【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意我想念它的树枝，和在午后的阳光下闪闪发光的叶子A.falling降落，落下;B.shaking颤抖，抖动；C.floating漂浮;D.shining发光，照耀根据上文“Imissedthattree.Imisseditsbranches（我想念那棵树我想念它的树枝）”及空后intheafternoonsun可知，作者想念这棵树，所以此处应该描写树的美好，用“午后阳光下闪闪发光的叶子”可表达此意，故选D【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意我想在未来的很长一段时间里树桩都将是一个悲伤的提醒，提醒它的消失A.glory光荣荣誉；B.loss失去，丧失；C.birth出生;D.company陪伴根据上文“seenothingbutastump（树桩）inherfrontyard”可知，只剩下一个树桩，故此处指树桩提醒着作者那棵树消失了，故选B【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析句意不过，我的好邻居另有打算A.though不过，可是；B.therefore因此;C.still依旧仍然;D.otherwise否则结合上下文可知作者对只剩下树桩感到震惊和惋惜，但邻居却利用树桩安装了喂鸟装置，所以上下文是转折关系故选Ao【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意这是对生命的肯定A.nature自然；B.hope希望；C.life生命；D.value价值根据下文“Lifebyitsverynatureisa12bag.”可知，此处是作者对生命的感悟，故选C【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意看到它真是太高兴了A.see看见；B.solve解决；C.approach接近；D.realize意识到，实现此处是指作者看到树桩上又有了生命感到高兴，且上文“Isawatinybirdfeedersittingonthatstump（我看到树桩上有个小小的喂鸟器）”也有暗示，故选Ao【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析句意生命本身就是一个混合的袋子A.mixed混合的；B.changeable可改变的;C.separated分开的；D.stable稳定的根据下文中“Ithandsusbothbeautyand13loveandlosspleasureandpain.可知，我们的生命中既有美好也有悲剧，既有爱也有失去，故此处用“混合的”符合语境，故选A【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意它赋予我们美好与悲剧，爱与失去，快乐与痛苦A.faith信念；B.tragedy悲剧；C.wealth财富；D.wonder奇迹此处和“beauty”形成对比，tragedy符合语境，指“美好与悲剧”，故选B【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析句意我们可以让它把我们一分为二，或者我们可以利用它最艰难的时刻让我们的灵魂更强大，我们的心更有爱心A.happiest最高兴的；B.hardest最艰难的；C.greatest最伟大的；D.easiest最容易的根据空后“tomakeoursoulsstrongerandourheartsmoreloving”可知，应是最艰难的时刻才会让灵魂变得更强大，故选B【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意我们可以用它来抱怨，也可以用它来帮助别人employ雇用使用利用；B.highlight强调;C.accumulate积累；D.cherish珍惜结合空后“tohelpothers可知，此处指用生命来帮助别人，故选A第二节共10小题;每小题
1.5分，满分15分阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式IfyoustoparandompersononthestreetinChinathere9saprettygoodchancetheirsurname36beeitherWangLiZhangLiuorChen.Thats37thosearethefivemostcommonsurnamesinChina—sharedby30%ofthepopulation.Andthevastmajorityofthepopulationsharejust100ofthosesurnames.38putthatinperspectivetheUnitedStatesreported
6.3millionsurnamesinits2010census.Thereareafewreasonsforthis:Chinaisless39racialdiversethancountriessuchastheUSwhereawealthofminoritygroupsincreasesurnamediversity.Italsohastodo40language;youcantjustaddarandomstroketoaChinesecharacterandcreateanewsurname.Butthere9salsoanotherfactoratplay:technology.WithChina41roarintothedigitalagenearlyeverythinghasmovedonline——frommakingappointmentstobuyingtraintickets.ThemainproblemisthatnotallChinesecharacters42codeintocomputersystems.Thatmeant43worldoftroubleifyouhappenedtohaveararecharacterinyourname.Asof2017upto60millionChinesecitizensfacedthispredicamentaccordingtoXinhua.Peoplewithrarecharactersintheirnames44arentcompatiblewithexistingcomputersystemscangetleftbehind-pushingmanytochangetheirnamesforthesakeof45convenientevenifitmeansabandoningcenturiesofheritageandlanguage.Totrytoaddressthisexpertshaveincreasedthedatabasefrom32000charactersto70000charactersaccordingtothegovernment.Theyrestillworkingtoexpandittoincludemorethan90000characterssaidChenJiaweianassociateprofessoratBeijingNormalUniversity.【答案］
36.wouldbe##willbebecauseToput
39.racially
40.with
41.roaringhavebeencodeda
44.which
45.convenience【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了十几亿中国人却共用10个姓氏的原因【36题详解】考查时态句意如果你在中国的大街上随便拦下一个人，很有可能他姓王、姓李、姓张、姓刘或姓陈结合“theresaprettygoodchance（很有可能）”可知，此处可用wouldbe表示推测；if引导的条件状语从句用的是一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故此处也可填willbeo故填would/willbeo【37题详解】考查表语从句句意这是因为这是中国最常见的五个姓氏，30%的人都是这五个姓氏结合句意可知，本句是与上文是因果关系，此处是解释原因，用because引导表语从句故填becauseo【38题详解】考查动词不定式句意从这个角度来看，美国在2010年人口普查中报告了630万个姓氏toputthatinperspective从这个角度来看，固定短语，句首单词的首字母应大写故填Toputo【39题详解】考查副词句意这有几个原因中国的种族多样性不如美国等国家，美国的大量少数民族增加了姓氏的多样性空处修饰形容词diverse应用副词形式故填racially【40题详解】考查介词句意这也和语言有关；你不能在汉字上随便画一个笔画就能创造一个新姓氏havetodowith…与有关固定搭配故填with【41题详解】考查现在分词句意随着中国迅速进入数字时代，从预约到购买火车票，几乎所有事情都转移到了网上此处是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，动词roar和宾语China之间是主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语故填roaring【42题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致句意主要的问题是，并不是所有的汉字都被编码进了计算机系统结合句意可知，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，且主语characters和动词code之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是名词复数，助动词用have故填havebeencodedo【43题详解】考查不定冠词句意如果你的名字里碰巧有一个稀有的字符，那就意味着会有很多麻烦aworldof许多，大量的，固定短语，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词均可故填a【44题详解】考查定语从句句意名字中有罕见字的人，因为不兼容现有的计算机系统，可能会被抛在后面一一这促使许多人为了方便而改名，即使这意味着放弃几个世纪的遗产和语言分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是rarecharacters关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which故填which【45题详解】考查名词句意同上空处应填名词作of的宾语，convenience方便，不可数名词故填convenienceo第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）
46.假如你是李华，受社区邀请为老年人做一个主题为“提高防骗意识、增强防范能力”的演讲，内容包括.诈骗类型；.防范方法注意.写作词数应为80左右；.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答【答案】WiththenumberoftheinternetusersincreasinglyexpandingInternetfraudshavebecomeahugeprobleminrecentyears.TodayIwillgiveabriefintroductiontosomecommontrapsandofferyousuggestionsonhandlingthese.Cybercrimecomesinmanycovertways.Somefraudswilltemptyoutosetupanaccountand每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间每段对话或独白读两遍听第6段材料，回答第
6、7题WhatdoesthewomansayaboutbuyingthecarShedoesntlikethecar.Thepriceisnotreasonable.Shedoesnthaveenoughmoney.WhydoesthemanwanttotalkwiththemanagerTogetthepricedownanother$
500.Togetthepricedownanother$
1000.Togetthepricedownanother$
2000.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题WhatwillthespeakersprobablydointhemorningA.Eatintherestaurant.B.Gotothelocalbeach.C.Gototheamusementpark.WhereistheNaturalHistoryMuseumA.Nearthebeach.B.Nexttotherestaurant.C.Bytheamusementpark.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofwatchingthesungodown听第8段材料，回答第11至13题WhoisthemanWhatdoweknowaboutthewomangettingthejobA.Shewillnotgetthejob.B.Shehasalreadygotthejob.job.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题WhendoesthegirlthinkaboutseeingamovieA.OnWednesdaymorning.B.OnWednesdayevening.C.OnWednesdayafterschool.WhydoesntthemanletthegirlgotoamovieFridaynightA.Thegirlhaspianolessons.B.Thegirlhastobabysit.C.Theshowtimeistoolate.
16.WhichmovieshowingcanthegirlseeA.Thefiveoclockshowing.B.Thesevenoclockshowing.C.Thenineoclockshowing.WhendoestheconversationprobablytakeplaceA.OnMonday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnThursday.provideyourpersonalinformationwithso-calledredpacketsorotherpecuniaryadvantages.Othersscareyouthatyourrelativemeetsanemergencyandaskyoutotransfermoneytoanunfamiliaraccount.Ifyouareinsuchsituationspleasestaycalm.Youcancallthepolicetohaveacheck.InordertoensurethesecurityofyourpropertyyoudbetterinstallandregistertheNationalAnti-fraudCenterApp.Pleasekeepinmindthatrefusetogivestrangersmoneyandrefusethemoneygivenbystrangers”.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文要求考生为老年人做一个主题为“提高防骗意识、增强防范能力”的演讲【详解】
1.词汇积累建议suggestion—advice确保ensure—makesure安全securityfsafetyt己住keepinmind—remember2句式拓展简单句变复合句原句InordertoensurethesecurityofyourpropertyyoudbetterinstallandregistertheNationalAnti-fraudCenterApp.拓展句YoudbetterinstallandregistertheNationalAnti-fraudCenterAppsothatyoucanensurethesecurityofyourproperty.【点睛】［高分句型1）Othersscareyouthatyourrelativemeetsanemergencyandaskyoutotransfermoneytoanunfamiliaraccount.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）［高分句型2］Ifyouareinsuchsituationspleasestaycalm.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）第二节（满分25分）
47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文OnaFridayeveninginDecembertwoweeksbeforeChristmasIlostmyjob.Ihadntseenitcoming.IwasexcitedfortheweekendwhenmydaughterKristilplannedtogetourChristmastree.ThenIlistenedtomyvoicemailWeresorrybutyourworkassignmenthasendedasoftoday.Myheartsank.Iwastheonlyparent.Mypaycheckwassurvival.IdideverythingIcouldtogiveKristilagoodlifebutthereweresomethingsmylovecouldntfix.ThenextdayaswesearchedfbrourtreeIstruggledtobecheerfulasIeyedtheChristmastreeprices.MondaymorningIdroppedKristilatschoolandsetoffonmymoneymakingpursuits.LookingforwheretosellstuffIheadedtothepawnshopwithagarnetringsetin14-karatgoldthathadbelongedtomymother.BestIcandois$70“theownersaid.“Thestonesareworthless.Wereonlyinterestedinthegold.Nextwastheantiquesstore.IsoldsixPreciousMomentssculpturesfor$
150.1endedtheday$220richer-notbad.OverthenextweekIdesperatelyappliedforjobsasmybankaccountgrewsmaller.Ifeltasiftheworldwasclosinginonme.OnaweekendafternoonIdroppedKristilinawealthygatedcommunityforabirthdayparty.Iwatchedasshewentinsurroundedbyallthenicethingswecouldntafford.Idrovehomedefeated.Backathomeithadbeensnowingonandoffallmorning.Inoticedapetitewomaninanblueovercoatstrugglingtoopenhercardooragainstthewind.AsshegotoutIrealizeditwasmyoldprofessorEstherHeffernan.Ihadntseenhersincewedmetfbrlunchthreemonthsago.TdfirstmetEsther10yearsearlierwhenIwasherstudentinMadisonWisconsin.Kristilwas3atthetimeandIsometimestookhertoclass.ShewasunderstandingandwouldbringcoloringbookstooccupyKristil.AfterIgraduatedEstherkeptintouchmeetingmeforluncheveryfewmonths.Ihadgrowntoloveherlikefamily.Irushedtothefrontofmybuilding.Whatareyoudoingoutinthisweather^^Iaskedaswehugged.注意L续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答madeheracupofteaandwetalked.Iwalkedhertohercarandwavedasshepulledaway.【答案】范文Imadeheracupofteaandwetalked.JustbeinginEstherspresencegavemehopethatthingswouldbeallright.WellItriedtocalllastweekbutcouldntgetthrough.HavinglearntthatyouwerentworkingthereanymoreIthoughtIwouldcomeby“Esthersaid.IhaveacoupleofgiftsfbryouandKristiL“AsshegotuptoleaveshehandedmeaChristmascard.“Thisisforyou“shesaidasshekissedmeonthecheek.Iwalkedhertohercarandwavedasshepulledaway.WhenIopenedhercardIgaspedinshock.Therewasmoneyinside.Hundred-dollarbillsfellontothetable.TearsofgratitudewelledupinmyeyesasIcounted.Estherhadgivenme$
1000.OnChristmasmorningKristilandIgatheredaroundourtreeandIjoyfullywatchedassheopenedherChristmasgifts.IsilentlythankedEstherinmyheart.TheyearSantassuitwentfromsignatureredtotrueblue.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在圣诞节前丢了工作，于是作者拼命工作挣钱，想买下圣诞树某天作者遇到了自己曾经的老师Esther老师给了作者现金帮助作者【详解】
1.段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“我给她泡了杯茶，我们聊了聊”可知，第一段可描写作者和Esther闲聊的过程以及Esther提出要给作者礼物
②由第二段首句内容“我陪她走到她的车前，在她把车开走时向她挥手”可知，第二段可描写作者打开Esther的卡片，看到了里面的一千美金现金.续写线索聊天一一Esther提出要给礼物一一Esther离开一一打开卡片一一发现钱一一感谢——感悟.词汇激活行为类一些acoupleof/some离开leave/go战起getup/standup情绪类感谢gratitude/thankfulness快乐joyfully/happily【点睛】[高分句型1]JustbeinginEstherspresencegavemehopethatthingswouldbeallright.（运用了that引导同位语从句）[高分句型2]AsshegotuptoleaveshehandedmeaChristmascard.（运用了as引导时间状语从句）听力答案1・5CAABC6-10CBBAB11-15ABCCC16-20AACAB听第10段材料，回答第18至20题WhendoswallowsreturnA.AttheendofMarch.B.Atthebeginningofsummer.C.Onthesamedateoftheyear.WhereareswallowsinDecemberA.InArgentina.B.InSanDiego.C.InSanJuanCapistrano.WhyarepeoplehappywhenrobinsreturnTheycanwatchbirdsagain.Theyknowspringiscoming.Theyknowtherewillbesnowsoon.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2・5分，满分
37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThefollowingchartisprovidedbyElizabethWeisefrom《AmericaToday!）.ItshowsthegrowthoftheimmersiveschoolsinAmerica.Immersive（沉浸式）SchoolsinAmericaInrecentyearstherehavebeenquiteafewChineseimmersiveschoolsinAmerica.FullImmersion:Pre-kchildrenaged2to4arefullyimmersedinChineseallday-5daysperweek.PartImmersion:Children（inkindergartenthroughGrade5inprimaryschoolsfromGrade6toGrade8inmiddleschools）learnallsubjectsinbothChineseandEnglish.BasedonTheDailyAdvertisersreportforeignchildrenattheageofabout5arehavingChineselessonslikethis:ZhaotingXiaa29-year-oldteacherholdspapercopiesofChinesecurrencyandinviteskidsuponeatatimetousethe“money“topurchasesomethingfromherpretendfruitstand.Oneofthestudentsa5-year-oldboypicksouthismoneyandgreetsXiawith“nihao”startingtheconversationashehasbeentaught.Thenheworksinsomevocabularywordstoaskforaplasticearofcorn.Xiatellshimthepriceandhecountsthemoneyinhishandbeforemakingtheexchange.Theyfinishwithxiexieor“thankyou”.Inthisoneexercisetheyvepracticedalotinsucha“realsituation”.AndallofthistakesplaceinChinese.WhatcanwelearnabouttheimmersiveschoolsinAmericabasedonthechartChildreninthemareaged2to
4.TheyacceptonlyChinesechildreninAmerica.AlltheteachersintheimmersiveschoolscomefromChina.TheimmersiveschoolshavegreatlyincreasedinAmericasince
2007.WhichofthefollowingcanchildrenpracticeinthisoneexercisementionedinthetextVocabularysentencestructuremathandculture.KnowingaboutChinesemoney-renminbi^^.Countingthenumberfrom1-10inChinese.Greetingbysaying“Hello!”toeachother.WhatmightElizabethWeisebeA.Ateacher.B.Aheadmaster.C.Areporter.D.Adirector.【答案】l.D
2.A
3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文本文介绍了美国“沉浸式中文学校”的发展趋势和相关情况【1题详解】细节理解题根据文章第一段“ItshowsthegrowthoftheimmersiveschoolsinAmerica.（它显示了沉浸式学校在美国的发展）”和图表提供的曲线图和数据2007-2021年间“沉浸式中文学校”的数目可知，自2007年以来，“沉浸式中文学校”在美国大幅增加故选D【2题详解】推理判断题根据倒数第二段“Oneofthestudentsa5-year-oldboypicksouthismoneyandgreetsXiawith6nihao\startingtheconversationashehasbeentaught.Thenheworksinsomevocabularywordstoaskforaplasticearofcorn.Xiatellshimthepriceandhecountsthemoneyinhishandbeforemakingtheexchange.Theyfinishwithxiexieorthankyou\（其中——名5岁的男孩拿出他的钱，用“你好”和夏斌打招呼，开始了对话训练然后他练习一些词汇来询问一个塑料玉米穗夏告诉了他价格，他在交易前数了数手里的钱最后他们以“谢谢”或“thankyou”结束）”和最后一段“Inthisoneexercisetheyvepracticedalotinsucharealsituation\AndallofthistakesplaceinChinese.（在这一次练习中他们在这样的“真实情境”中进行了大量的练习而且这一切都是用中文进行的）”可推知，在这个练习中，孩子们会练习词汇、句子结构、数学和文化故选A【3题详解】推理判断题根据文章第一段ThefollowingchartisprovidedbyElizabethWeisefrom《AmericaToday》（以下图表由《今日美国》的伊丽莎白・魏斯提供）”可推知，ElizabethWeis可能是《AmericaToday》（《今日美国》）报刊的记者故选CClosetoacenturyagoNewYorksConeyIslandwasfamedfbritssideshows（杂耍）.Eyecatchingsignscrowdedtheislandsattractionsshowingoffcircusshowsswordswallowers一andevenanexhibitionoftinybabies.Thebabieswereprematureoneskeptaliveinincubators（婴儿保育箱）pioneeredbyDr.MartinCouney.ThemedicalestablishmenthadrejectedhisincubatorsbutDr.Couneydidntgiveuponhisaims.Startingin1896hefundedhisworkbydisplayingthebabiesandcharging25centstoseetheshow.InreturnparentsdidnthavetopayfbrDr.Couneysincubatorsandmanychildrensurvivedwhowouldneverhavehadachanceotherwise.Bomin12LucilleHomendedupinanincubatoronConeyIsland.Shedbeenbomatwinbuthertwindiedatbirth.Andthehospitalstafftoldherfatherthattherewasntachanceshedlive.“Itwasjust:Youdiebecauseyoudidntbelongintheworld/9Hornsays.Butherfatherrefusedtoacceptthatanswer.HegrabbedablankettowrapherincalledataxiandtookhertoConeyIsland一andtoDr.Couneysinfant（婴幼儿）exhibit.YearslaterHomdecidedtoreturntoseethebabies-thistimeasavisitor.WhenshetooktheopportunitytointroduceherselfDr.Couneywentovertoamanwhowasuneasilylookingathissmallinfant.“LookatthisyoungladyDr.Couneytoldtheman.Shesoneofourbabies.Andthatshowyourbabysgonnagrowup.”HornwasjustoneofthousandsofprematureinfantsthatDr.Couneycaredforanddisplayedatamusementparksuntilthe194s.Hediedin1950shortlyafterincubatorslikehiswereintroducedinmosthospitals.AtthetimeDr.Couneyseffortswerelargelyunknown—butatleastonepersonwillneverforgethim.Ninety-sixyearslaterhereIamallinonepiece.AndImthankfultobehereJHomsays.WhatcanwelearnaboutDr.CouneysincubatorA.Itpushedmedicalscienceforward.B.Itwasthemostfamoussideshow.C.Itsavedmanyprematurebabies.D.Itchargedeachinfant25cents.WhywasHorntakentoDr.CouneysinfantexhibitShebelongedinnowhereelsebutConeyIsland.Itwastheonlyplacewhereshemightsurvive.Thehospitalstafflackedthepatiencetocareforher.Herfatherrefusedtoacceptthedeathofhertwinsister.WhatisthepurposeofDr.CouneyswordsinParagraph4A.Torelievethemansanxiety.B.Tointroducetheladytotheman.C.Topromisethebabysbrightfuture.D.Toexplainthefunctionoftheincubator.WhatshouldwelearnfromDr.CouneysstoryA.Medicalknowledge.B.Earningpower.C.Persuasivetechniques.D.Flexiblemind.【答案】
4.C
5.B
6.A
7.D【解析】【导语本文为记叙文讲述了19世纪90年代Dr.Couney在科尼岛的游乐场里展出保育箱，游客花25美分可以观看保育箱中展示的早产婴儿，Dr.Couney以这种方式拯救了许多早产儿的生命，LucilleHorn就是其中一个【4题详解】细节理解题根据第二段“Thebabieswereprematureoneskeptaliveinincubators（婴儿保育箱）pioneeredbyDr.MartinCouney.（这些婴儿都是早产儿，在MartinCouney首仓ll的婴儿保育箱中存活o）和“manychildrensurvivedwhoneverwouldhavehadachanceotherwise”（许多孩子活了下来，否则他们永远不会有机会）可知，Dr.MartinCouney的婴儿保育箱使许多早产儿得以存活故选C【5题详解】推理判断题根据第三段“Bornin12LucilleHornendedupinanincubatoronConeyIsland.（LucilleHorn出生于12年，在科尼岛的一个婴儿保育箱中长大）可知，Horn最终在保育箱中存活下来；由第三段“AndthehospitalstafftoldherfatherthattherewasntachancesheMlive（医院的工作人员告诉她父亲，她已经没有活下去的机会了）和“Butherfatherrefusedtoacceptthatanswer.HegrabbedablankettowrapherincalledataxiandtookhertoConeyIsland一andtoDr.Couneysinfantexhibit.v（但是她的父亲拒绝接受这个回答，他拿了一条毯子把她裹起来，叫了一辆出租车，带她去了科尼岛，以及Dr.Couney的婴儿展览）可知，Hom的父亲不接受医院的说法，所以带她去科尼岛Dr.Couney的婴幼儿展览，可以推测这也是Horn在当时情况下可能活下去的唯一希望了故选B【6题详解】推理判断题根据第四段manwhowasuneasilylookingathissmallinfant.（一个男人不安地看着他的小婴儿）和Dr.Couney的话语“Shesoneofourbabies.Andthafshowyourbaby9sgonnagrowup.v（她是我们的孩子你的孩子就会这样长大）可知，Dr.Couney用成活的早产儿Horn作例子来安慰这位焦虑的父亲，缓解他不安的情绪故选Ao7题详解】推理判断题根据第二段“ThemedicalestablishmenthadrejectedhisincubatorsbutDr.Couneydidntgiveuponhisaims.Startingin1896hefundedhisworkbydisplayingthebabiesandcharging25centstoseetheshow.”（医疗机构拒绝了他的保育箱，但Couney没有放弃自己的目标从1896年开始，他通过展示婴儿和收取25美分的费用来资助他的工作）可知，Dr.Couney在被医疗机构拒绝的情况下没有放弃，而是灵活改变方法，以实现自己的目标；同时，由第三段“Butherfatherrefusedtoacceptthatanswer.HegrabbedablankettowrapherincalledataxiandtookhertoConeyIsland——andtoDr.Couneysinfantexhibit.（但是她的父亲拒绝接受这个回答，他拿了一条毯子把她裹起来，叫了一辆出租车，带她去了科尼岛，以及Dr.Couney的婴儿展览）可知，孩子的父亲在医院给出孩子无法存活的回答后，没有放弃，而是选择去Couney的婴幼儿展览，最终让孩子得以存活长大这都说明了做事情要有灵活的思维，多想办法，以实现自己的目标故选DCWhenyouregoingthroughaperiodofanxietyordepressionitcanbedifficulttomakedecisionswhetherthosearesignificantlifechangesoreverydaychoices.Thosewithgeneralizedanxietydisorderormooddisordersoftenreportfeelinguncomfortablewithorbeingtroubledbyfeelingsofuncertainty-whichdoesnthelpwhenyouneedtomakeadecisionbigorsmall.Nowinanewstudyresearchersfindthatpeoplewithhigherlevelsofanxietyanddepressionarelessabletoadapttofast-changingsituations.Butwiththerightintervention（干预）theremaybewaystohelpthosewithanxietyordepressionmakebetterdecisionsinthemoment.Participantswereagedbetween18and55;somehadsymptomsofgeneralizedanxietydisorderormajordepressivedisorderwhileothershadnohistoryofmentalillnessatall.Inthestudyafterfillinginmeasuresrelatedtoanxietydepressionandworryparticipantstookpartinavideogame.Ineachroundtheywereaskedtochoosebetweentwoshapes:pickingonneshaperesultedinarewardwhiletheotherdeliveredanelectricshock.Thetasktookplaceintwoblocks-onestableinwhichoneshapewasassociatedwithareward75%ofthetimeandtheother25%ofthetimeandtheotherunstableinwhichtheshapewithahigherprobabilityofresultinginrewardswitchedeverytwentytrials.Intheunstableblockthereforetheparticipantshadtokeepadjustingtheirresponsesastheprobabilitieschange.Thoseparticipantswithsymptomsofanxietyordepressionwereslowertoadjusttheirresponsestothechangesinprobabilities.Thissuggeststhatmooddisordersareassociatedwithdifficultymakingdecisionsinchangingcircumstances.SeniorauthorSoniaBishoparguesthatthoseparticipantswhoadaptedquicklydidsobecauseoftheiremotionalresilience（适应力）.Emotionallyresilientpeopletendtofocusonwhatgavethemagoodoutcomeandinmanyreal-worldsituationsthatmightbekeytolearningtomakegooddecisions“shesays.SoniaBishopsuggeststhatencouragingpeopletofocusonpastsuccessesratherthanfailurescouldbeausefulbehavioralinterventionmakingthosedifficultdecisionsabitlesstricky.Accordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingaffectsdecision-makingFeelinguncomfortablewithsomeone.Feelingunsureofwhatwillhappen.Wonderingwhowillmakeadecision.Wonderinghowtohelpmakeadecision.WhatwasthepurposeoftheunstableblockTocreateafast-changingsituation.Totrainparticipantstorespondtochanges.Tomakethevideogamemorechallenging.Tohelpthosewithanxietymakedecisions.WhydoesSoniaBishopsuggestfocusingonpastsuccessesToimprovedecision-making.Toremembertheachievements.Toadaptquicklytoanewsituation.Toavoidmakingdifficultdecisions.WhatadvicecanbegivenaccordingtothestudyTrytothinkquicklywhenmakingdecisions.Dontexpecttoomuchwhenmakingdecisions.Dontfocusononesinglethingwhenmakingdecisions.Reduceyouranxietyordepressionwhenmakingdecisions.【答案】
8.B
9.A
10.A
11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文主要介绍了当人们经历焦虑或抑郁时期时很难做出决定一项新的研究发现，只要有正确的干预也许有办法帮助那些焦虑或抑郁的人做出更好的决定【8题详解】细节理解题文章第一段讲到“Thosewithgeneralizedanxietydisorderormooddisordersoftenreportfeelinguncomfortablewithorbeingtroubledbyfeelingsofuncertainty-whichdoesnthelpwhenyouneedtomakeadecisionbigorsmall.（患有广泛性焦虑症或情绪障碍的人经常报告说，他们对不确定感感到不舒服或感到困扰，而这种不确定感在你需要做出重大或小决定时都没有帮助）”可知根据文章，影响决策的一项是不确定会发生什么，故选B【9题详解】推理判断题文章第五段讲到“andtheotherunstableinwhichtheshapewithahigherprobabilityofresultinginrewardswitchedeverytwentytrials.Intheunstableblockthereforetheparticipantshadtokeepadjustingtheirresponsesastheprobabilitieschange.（另——个是不稳定的，在另一个阶段中，每20次试验中，获得奖励的概率较高的形状就会发生变化因此，在不稳定的区块中，参与者必须随着概率的变化不断调整自己的反应°）”可知不稳定区块的目的是创造快速变化的局面，故选A【10题详解】细节理解题文章最后一段讲至II“SoniaBishopsuggeststhatencouragingpeopletofocusonpastsuccessesratherthanfailurescouldbeausefulbehavioralinterventionmakingthosedifficultdecisionsabitlesstricky.（SoniaBishop建议，鼓励人们专注于过去的成功而不是失败，这可能是一种有用的行为干预，让那些艰难的决定变得不那么棘手）”可知SoniaBishop建议关注过去的成功的原因是为了改善决策故选A【11题详解】推理判断题文章第二段讲到“Nowinanewstudyresearchersfindthatpeoplewithhigherlevelsofanxietyanddepressionarelessabletoadapttofast-changingsituations.Butwiththerightintervention（干预）theremaybewaystohelpthosewithanxietyordepressionmakebetterdecisionsinthemoment.（现在，在一项新的研究中，研究人员发现，焦虑和抑郁程度较高的人更难适应快速变化的环境但只要有正确的干预也许有办法帮助那些焦虑或抑郁的人在当下做出更好的决定）”可知这项研究可以给出的建议是在做决定时减少焦虑或抑郁，故选DDBuildinggoodtransportationisagoodidea.Tohaveenvironmentalvaluenewtransportationhastosufficientlyreplaceoreliminatedrivingtocutenergyconsumptionoverall.Thatmeansthatanewtrafficsystemhastobesupportedbyreductionincaruse.Trafficlanesshouldbeeliminatedorconvertedintobikeorbuslanes.Ideallytheseshouldbecombinedwithhigherfueltaxesandparkingfees.NeedlesstosayIhavetostruggletomakemyselfextensivelyunderstood.Buttheyrenecessarybecauseyoucantmakepeopledrivelessinthelongrunbytakingstepsthatmakedrivingmorepleasanteconomicalandproductive.Lengthycommuting（通勤）timeisaforcefulfactorwhichcanslowthegrowthofsuburbs.Thefartherpeopleliveawayfromcitiesthelongercommutingtimetheyneedwhichmeansmorepollutiontheircarsproduce.Ifinamisguidedefforttodosomethingofenvironmentalvaluegovernmentstakestepsthatmakelong-distancecarcommutingfasterormoreconvenient-byaddinglanesbuildingbypassemployingtraffic-controlmeasuresthatmakeitpossibleforexistingroadstoaccommodatemorecarswithfewerdelays-weareactuallyencouragingpeopletolivestillfartherfromtheirjobsstoresandschools.Asaresultgovernmentsareforcedtofurtherextendroadnetworkswaterlinesandotherfacilities.Ifyoucutcommutingtimeby10percentpeoplewhonowdrivefiftymileseachwaytoworkcanfindreasontomovefivemilesfartheroutbecausetheirtraveltimewontchange.Trafficcongestion（拥堵）isntanenvironmentalproblem;trafficis.Relievingcongestionwithoutdoinganythingtoreducethetotalvolumeofcarscanonlymaketherealproblemworse.Highwayengineershaveknownforalongtimethatbuildingnewcarlanesonlytemporarilyreducescongestionbecausethenewlanesaddadditionaldriving.Wideningroadsmakestrafficmovefasterintheshorttermbuttheimprovedconditionseventuallyattractadditionaldriversandcongestionreappears.Withmorecarontheroadspeoplethinkaboutwideningroadsagain.Movingdriversoutofcarsandintootherformsoftransportationcanhavethesameeffectifexistingtrafficlanesarekeptinservice:roadspacestimulatesroaduse.Oneoftheargumentsthatcitiesinevitablymakeinpromotingtransportationplansisthatthe。
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