重组卷03-冲刺2023年高考英语真题重组卷03（上海专用）（解析版）

冲刺2023年高考英语真题重组卷03（上海）LListeningComprehension（第1・10题，每题1分；第11・20题，每题

1.5分；共25分）SectionADirections:InSectionAyouwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversationaquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutitreadthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Themanshouldstoptheprogramlearn.C.Shecanhelpthemanlearntheprogram.A.Theylikereadingtodayspaper.Theyareinterestedintoday*spaper.Theyfoundnothinginterestingintoda/spaper.Theyhavenoideawhatthepaperisabout.A.InatheaterB.InaconcertA.FoodthedogC.GivethedogabathA.ExpensiveB.CheapA.MathtestB.EnglishtestA.BecausehewasinChengdu.BecausetheconcertwasheldinChengdu.Becausehewastootiredtoattendtheconcert.Becausetheconcertwasnotenough.A.HecouldnfthelpMary.B.HecouldlendMaryhisbicycle.C.Marycouldasksomeoneelsefbrhelp.D.ProfessorHankswouldhelpMary.A.Doctorsshouldnotlecturepeopleaboutlifestyles.B.Doctors*ownlifestylesaredifferentfromothers.C.Shedoesntagreewiththeman.D.Doctors1lectureisoflittleuse.A.Helikeswatchinginsteadofplaying..B【解析】根据句意这样冲动的行为是普遍的吗？故选Bunblocked非封锁；畅通；universal普遍（存在）的，全体的；宇宙的；unconscious不省人事的；无意识的；未觉察的；潜意识的；unique唯一的；独特的.A【解析】根据下文inthreedifferentcultures可知，应填culturesocultures文化:cases案件:companies公司:aspects各方面.B【解析】根据下文可知是研究儿童的行为mood情绪:behavior行为:emotion情绪;habit习惯.D【解析】根据句意如果孩子们重视价值，他们就应该按照获物的份额分配糖果collect收取:load负荷;stress压力:distribute分发.C【解析】根据句意:如果他们找到了相同数量的糖果，他们会奖励每个人相等的糖果really真的:deliberately故意:equally平等:happily高兴地.C【解析】根据上下文文意可知，应为文化问题Scene现场;Object目标tCulture文化:Trend趋势.A【解析】根据句意得德国的孩子们根据按劳分配，这就意味着奖励分配非常不平衡productivity生产力:benefit福利:interest利息;survey调查.D【解析】根据前文可知公平只是文化上的定义，在现实生活中并不是这样的tiredness疲劳:business业务:thickness厚度:Fairness公平.B【解析】根据下文可知，本句应为科学家们对此提出了一些看法feelings感觉:thoughts看法;lives生命:emotions情绪.D【解析】根据句意:它可能是在像德国这样的大规模社会中，精英统治对于调节不认识对方的人之间的交易是很重要的，也可能不会再进行互动可知应填重要的useful有用的:major主要的:small小的:important重要的5LC【解析】与前文傲对比，故填bycontrast相比较之下inaword总而言之inaddition止匕外;bycontrast相比之下:whafsmore更重要的是.A【解析】根据上文可知，本句句意为:相比之下，在小规模社会中，大多数交流是在彼此熟悉的人之间进行的familiar熟悉的;delighted高兴的satisfied满意的:same相同的.D【解析】根据上文可知，分享是一种重婴的水准机制故填sharing.cooperating合作;smile微笑:equal相等:share分享.C【解析】根据上下文可知平衡财富不对称和促进和谐也是重要的forcing强迫;judge审判;balance平衡.B【解析】根据前文可知这只是假象的钓鱼之旅故选Bcreative创造性的；imaginary想象中的;虚构的；innovative革新的；创新的；logic逻辑性的SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedAfBfCandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（2022年北京高考）MynameisAlice.EarlylastyearIwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled（削弱）myabilitytodoanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.ForalmostayearIstruggledonconstantlystaringatthiswallthatfacedme.Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdidwhichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossiblebutitconsumedme.OnedayIattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhighschool.Hispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredmebutalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakeadifferenceintheworld.Ijoinedapre-presentationdinnerwithhimandthatsmallersettingallowedmetoslowlybuildupmycouragetospeakone-on-onewithhim-anideathathadseemedcompletelyimpossible.Thisfirstcontactwaswheremystorybegan.AmonthlaterBrowninvitedmetoattendtheWorldYouthWildlifeConference.LookingbackInowseethatthiswouldbethefirstinaseriesoftimelyopportunitiesthatmyoldselfwouldhaveletpassbutthatthisnewandmoreconfidentAliceenthusiasticallyseized.ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitationapplicationstojointheYouthfbrNatureandtheYouthforPlanetgroupsweresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.IdecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplicationsandsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.IamwritingthisjustsixmonthssincemyjourneybeganandIverealisedthatmybiggestobstacle（障碍）thiswholetimewasmyself.Itwasthatvoiceinthebackofmyheadtellingmethatonephrasethathasstoppedsomanypeoplefromreachingtheirpotential:Icant.Theysaygoodthingscometothosewhowait;Isay:grabeveryopportunitywitheverythingyouhaveandbeimpatient.Afterallnaturedoesnotrequireourpatiencebutouraction..WhatwasthemaincausefbrAlicesanxiety.HowdidGrantBrown9spresentationinfluenceAliceA.Shedecidedtodosomethingfbrnature.B.Shetastedthesweetnessoffriendship.C.Shelearnedabouttheharmofdesire.D.Shebuiltuphercouragetospeakup..TheactivitiesAlicejoinedinhelpedhertobecomemore【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑.【解析】细节理解题由文章第一段Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdidwhichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossiblebutitconsumedme.（我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源无论我做什么，我都想做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我广可知，是要求完美导致了焦虑故选C项.【解析】2田节理解题由文章第二段“OnedayIattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhighschool.HispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredmebutalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakeadifFerenceintheworld.（一天，我在高中参加了野生动物保护主义者GrantBrown的演讲他的演讲不仅让我感到敬畏和鼓舞，还帮助我产生了一种内在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作为广和文章第三段“ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitationapplicationstojointheYouthfbrNatureandtheYouthfbrPlanetgroupsweresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.IdecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplicationsandsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.（在我收至U他的邀请后不久，我的高中就收到了加入“YouthforNature”和“YouthforPlane”组织的申请我决定致力于完成这些申请，很快我就成为了一个日益壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员户可知，是GrantBrown让作者开始为从事保护自然地活动中故选A项•【解析】细节理解题由文章第三段“IdecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplicationsandsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.（我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员每一步都让我更加自信户可知，Alice加入这些活动让她变得更自信了故选B项.【解析】推理判断题由第一段EarlylastyearIwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled（肖U弱）myabilitytodoanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.”（去年年初，我被一种焦虑困扰，它削弱了我做任何事情的能力）由文章第三段“IdecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplicationsandsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.（我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员每一步都让我更加自信）可知，文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑所以从文章中我们能学到行动是忧虑最大的敌人故选C项（2022年新高考全国口卷）ChildrensDiscoveryMuseumGeneralInformationaboutGroupPlayPricingGroupPlay$7/personScholarshipsWeofferscholarshipstolow-incomeschoolsandyouthorganizationssubjecttoavailability.Participationinapost-visitsurveyisrequired.ScholarshipsareforGroupPlayadmissionfeesand/ortransportation.Transportationinvoices（发票）mustbereceivedwithin60daysofyourvisittoguaranteethescholarship.GroupSizeWerequireonechaperone（监护人）pertenchildren.Failuretoprovideenoughchaperoneswillresultinanextrachargeof$50perabsentadult.GroupPlayisfbrgroupsof10ormorewithalimitof35people.Forgroupsof35ormorepleasecalltodiscussoptions.HoursTheMuseumisopendailyfrom9:30amto4:30pm.GroupPlaymaybescheduledduringanydayortimetheMuseumisopen.RegistrationPolicyRegistrationmustbemadeatleasttwoweeksinadvance.RegisteronlineorfilloutaGroupPlayRegistrationFormwithmultipledateandstarttimeoptions.Oncetheregistrationformisreceivedandprocessedwewillsendaconfirmationemailwithintwobusinessdays.Guidelines•Teachersandchaperonesshouldmodelgoodbehaviorforthegroupandremainwithstudentsatalltimes.•ChildrenarenotallowedunaccompaniedinallareasoftheMuseum.•Childrenshouldplaynicelywitheachotherandexhibits.•UseyourindoorvoicewhenattheMuseum.WhatdoesagroupneedtodoiftheyareofferedascholarshipA.Prepaytheadmissionfees.B.UsetheMuseumstransportation.C.Takeasurveyafterthevisit.D.Scheduletheirvisitonweekdays.Howmanychaperonesareneededfbragroupof30childrentovisittheMuseumA.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.WhatarechildrenprohibitedfromdoingattheMuseumA.Usingthecomputer.B.Talkingwitheachother.C.Touchingtheexhibits.D.Exploringtheplacealone.【答案】

60.C

61.C

62.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章提供了关于儿童博物馆团体游的相关信息【60题详解】细节理解题根据Scholarship标题下Weofferscholarshipstolow-incomeschoolsandyouthorganizationssubjecttoavailability.Participationinapost-visitsurveyisrequired.（我们会视情况而定，为低收入学校和青年组织提供奖学金，并需要其参与访问后调查问卷广可知，如果一个团体获得了奖学金，需要在参加一个访后的调查问卷，与选项C“Takeasurveyafterthevisit.（接受参观后的问卷调查）”属于同义替换，故选Co【61题详解】细节理解题根据GroupSize”标题下“Werequireonechaperone（监护人）pertenchildren.（我们要求每十个孩子有一个监护人厂可知，10个孩子需要1个监护人，那么30个孩子则需要3个监护人故选C【62题详解】细节理解题根据“Guidelines”标题下“ChildrenarenotallowedunaccompaniedinallareasoftheMuseum.（无人陪伴的儿童不得进入博物馆的所有区域户可知，儿童必须在监护人陪伴下才能进入博物馆，即儿童不能单独进入博物馆进行探索与选项D“Expk）ringtheplacealone.（独自探索博物馆）”属于同义替换，故选Do（C）（2022年浙江高考）Manypeoplebelievethatworkingtothemaximumisthesecrettosuccessbutresearchhasfoundthatmoderationalsogetsresultsonthejob.InastudyledbyEllenLangerofHar/ardUniversityresearchersaskedpeopletotranslatesentencesintoanewamade-uplanguage.Subjectswhopracticedthelanguagemoderatelybeforehandmadefewererrorsthanthosewhopracticedextensivelyornotatall.Highlevelsofknowledgecanmakepeopletooattachedtotraditionalwaysofviewingproblemsacrossfieldstheartssciencesandpolitics.Highconscientiousnessisrelatedtolowerjobperformanceespeciallyinsimplejobswhereitdoesntpaytobeaperfectionist.Howlongwestayontheclockandhowwespendthattimeareundercarefulexaminationinmanyworkplaces.Theyoungbankerwhoeatslunchathisdeskisprobablyseenasavo-getterwhilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecomeroffice.Peoplefromculturesthatvaluerelationshipsmorethanoursdoesareshockedbythethoughtofeatingaloneinfrontofacomputer”saysArtMarkmanaprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTexasAustin.Socialinteractionhasbeenshowntoliftmoodandgetpeoplethinkinginnewdirectionsandinwaysthatcouldhelpimproveanypost-luncheffort.MarkmanalsopromotesofFtasktime.“PartofbeingagoodthinkerisexperiencingthingsthatareseeminglyunrelatedtowhatyouareworkingonatthemomentbutgiveyoufreshideasaboutyourworkJhesays.Alsothereisalotofresearchshowingthatapositivemoodleadstohigherlevelsofproductivityandcreativity.Sowhenpeopledothingstoincreasetheirlifesatisfactiontheyalsomakethemselvesmoreeffectiveatwork.”WhatdoesEllenLangersstudyshowA.ItisworthwhiletobeaperfectionistB.Translationmakespeopleknowledgeable.C.Simplerjobsrequiregreatercaution.D.Moderateeffortproducesthebestresult.Theunderlinedwordgo-getter”inparagraph3referstosomeoneWho.A.isgoodathandlingpressureB.workshardtobecomesuccessfulC.ahasanaturaltalentforhisjob.D.getsonwellwithhisco-workersWhatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphAgoodthinkerisabletoinspireotherpeople.Experienceunrelatedtoyourjobisuseless.Acheerfulmoodhelpsmakeacreativemind.Focusingonwhatyoudoraisesproductivity.WhatdoesthetextseemtoadvocateA.Middle-of-the-roadworkhabits.B.Balancebetweenworkandfamily.C.Long-standingculturaltraditions.D.Harmonyintheworkenvironment.【答案】

63.D

64.B

65.C

66.A【解析】【解题导语】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率

63.D【解析】推理判断题根据第一段“Manypeoplebelievethatworkingtothemaximumisthesecrettosuccessbutresearchhasfoundthatmoderation（适度）alsogetsresultsonthejob.（许多人认为工作至最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果户和第二段中“InastudyledbyEllenLangerofHarvardUniversityresearchersaskedpeopletotranslatesentencesintoanewamade-uplanguage.Subjectswhopracticedthelanguagemoderatelybeforehandmadefewererrorsthanthosewhopracticedextensivelyornotatall.（在哈佛大学EllenLanger领导的一项研究中，研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种新的虚构的语言那些事先适度练习这门语言的受试者比那些全力练习或根本不练习的受试者犯的错误要少户可知，第一段提出主题，即适度的工作也会带来成果，接着第二段作者用EllenLanger的研究来证明这一点，由此可推知，EllenLanger的研究表明适度的努力会产生最好的结果故选D

64.B【解析】词句猜测题根据戈Li线单词下文“whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecomeroffice.（而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光）“可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，划线单词go-getter指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选B

65.C【解析】推理判断题根据最后一段中“Alsothereisalotofresearchshowingthatapositivemoodleadstohigherlevelsofproductivityandcreativity.（此外，许多研究表明，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力户可知，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情有助于创造性思维故选Co

66.A【解析】推理判断题根据第一段中“butresearchhasfoundthatmoderation（适度）alsogetsresultsonthejob.（但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果）”和第二段中“Highconscientiousnessisrelatedtolowerjobperformanceespeciallyinsimplejobswhereitdoesntpaytobeaperfectionist.（高尽责性与低工作表现有关，尤其是在简单的工作中，追求完美并不值得广可知，文章主要介绍研究表明适度的工作也会带来成果，所以文章提倡适度工作，即中庸的工作习惯故选ASectionCDirections:CompletethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesintheboxEachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.2017年春考Thetwotypesofcomicsarecreatedinverydifferentways.Butfbrpeoplewholovecomicbookstheycanbeafantasticescapefromthetoughrealitiesofmodemlife.Theyfindithardtounderstandwhycomicbooksappealtosomanypeople.ComicshavelostitscharminAmerica.InJapanthecontrastcouldntbegreater.Mangaheroeslooksmalleryoungerthanall-conqueringAmericanheroeswhohavelargemusclesandlotsofthemedclothes.JapaneseandAmericanComicBookHeroesTosomepeopletheideaofreadingcomicbooksseemchildish.67ComicsarepublishedgloballybutJapaneseandAmericanversionsdominatethemarketdespitefact_orperhapsbecause-theydifferinanumberofways.68Americancomicsareagroupeffortbeginningwiththestory-writingteamandtheartistwhoproducesdrawingsofinitialideas.Whenthesedraftsarefinalizedtheoutlinesdialogueandcolorareadded.Alsocreatorsofcomicsuperheroessometimesselltheirtitlestoothercreativeteamswhokeepthesuperhero“alive”.Thisisinsharpcontrasttomanga（日本7曼画）creatorswhoareoftenindividualauthorsmerelyresponsiblefbrthestorylinesdialogueandartwork.Whenamangacreatordecidestostopsodoesthehero.Anotherdifferenceistheappearanceoftheheroes.69AlsomangaheroesrarelylookJapaneseandthestoriesdonottypicallytakeplaceinaJapanesecontext.HoweverAmericancomicheroesdespitetheirmasksareproudlyAmericanandareadmiredfbrtheirreadinesstodefendU.S.cities.Probablythebiggestdifferenceisthereadership.Upuntilthe1950sAmericancomicbookswerereadbybothchildrenandadultswithpoplartitlessuchasSupermansellingasmanyashalfamillioncopiespermonth.ThearrivalofTVhoweverledtoadeclineinsalessothatnowtheaveragereaderofanAmericancomicbookisateenageboywithaninterestinsuperheroes.70Theremangasalesarestillboomingreachingashighas7billiondollarseachyearlargelybecausereadersrangefi*omyoungboysandgirlsuptomiddle-agedmenandwomen.MangaformenandboysliketheAmericancomicstendtobeaction-orientedwhilemangaforwomenandgirlstendtobefocusedonrelationships.【答案】67-70BAFE【解析】

67.B［解析］根据文中Butforpeoplewholovecomicbookstheycanbeafantasticescapefromthetoughrealitiesofmodemlife但是对于喜欢漫画书的人来说漫画书是对现代生活中艰难现实的一种奇妙的逃避，可知选Bo.A【解析】根据文中Thetwotypesofcomicsarecreatedinverydifferentways.这两种类型的漫画是以非常不同的方式创作的，可知选Ao.F【解析】由文章中Mangaheroeslooksmalleryoungerthanall-conqueringAmericanheroeswhohavelargemusclesandlotsofthemedclothes.句意:漫画英雄看起来更小，比所有征服的美国英雄都年轻，他们有着巨大的肌肉和大量的主题服装.E【解析】根据上下文可知选E.InJapanthecontrastcouldHtbegreater.在日本，这种对比再大不过了IVSummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.2020年秋考ArepeopleuniqueItishumanbeingspridethatwearetheonlyspeciesonthePlanetthatcanspeakandthink.Howeverrecentresearchcastsdoubtonthatcommonbelief.ZuberbuhlerapsychologistatSt.AndrewsUniversityandhiscolleaguesrecordedthousandsofcallsmadebyDianamonkeysandnoticedthatthemonkeysadaptedtheircallstochangethemeaningtowarnoneanotheraboutdifferentsituations.Forexampletheymadeakrackalarmcallatthesightoftiger.Howeverwhentheymerelyrepeatedcallsmadebyothermonkeystheyaddedanoo\TheresearchersfoundthatthesamecallswouldberecognisedbyotherspecieslikeCampbelPsmonkeys.Sotheyarecommunicatingacrossspecies.Andsincethenwehavefoundthathornbillbirdscanunderstandthesecallsandtheytoocanunderstandallthedifferentmeanings\saidZuberbuhler.Whatisalsosurprisingisthatsignsofintelligencehavebeenfoundinbirdswhosesmallbrainswerelongassumedtobeacompletebarriertointelligence.Howeverallthatischangingfast.AfewyearsagoIrenePepperbergoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologytaughtaparrottorecogniseandcountuptosixobjectswhichcouldnthavebeenachievedifbirdswereunabletomemorize.LastyearthatwastoppedbyAlexKacelnikaprofessorofbehavioralecologyatOxfordwhodiscoveredthatcrowsarecapableofusingtoolsincomplexordersthefirsttimesuchbehaviourhasbeenobservedinnon-humans.Inanexperimentsevencrowssuccessfullygrabbedapieceoffoodplacedoutofreachusingthreedifferentlengthsofstick.Cruciallytheywereabletocompletethetaskwithoutanyspecialtrainingsuggestingthebirdswerecapableofalevelofabstractreasoningnormallyassociatedonlywithhumans.Allthisispowerfulevidenceagainsttheideathatpeopleareunique..参考范文:Scientistshavediscoveredsignsoflanguageandintelligenceinmonkeysandbirds.Somemonkeyscancommunicatevariousmessageswithdifferentcallsinandacrossspecies.Somebirdslikeparrotsandcrowshavetheabilitytomemorizeandreason.Solanguageandintelligencearenotuniquetohumans.作嵇弓3分出求的情况F.珏疝丽低拈/2及坏《3点:|Ssrixnx»nkcyxcunconunumcatcvxifioimEczigc、withdifFcrcntcullxinuiulucrozspecies.2Somebirclm.likepurrot«mimIctowm.IuivciIm«nbilitytonwnorizcandrcown而注ZX II叫个嘤点的段旌“J以右林•达点如/1中12点中如啾乂假拈山・皿0“叱:“吱・・99江中的一点，如一心HJfWr睨叫1曲可以.0101收叫点乂”例「枕”瞋柄竹的l/f

3.ftlhipurroicuncountcrowscmiicompleteinsknwithtooln等.则WC点不时准Ia隘柄；崔川―3分婪求的M况F.汪ne进一力L熊喇2吱用3点ISoftxrutiJiikcyAcancoiiMittmicatcvurioir*nicMngc«withdillcrcnfcall、inaimIApcvicv2SiMiicbtrd*.likeparrcil*uncicrowslutvctlicMbihtyi*nwfiMtrtzc・ndrewutn同注:Il蜘个CaU附袅坟可以玷52点中勿|娱SlMMUl-mcfnor”/•曲・・rcusrT中的一点.为一点HIHN产晚“J也”J以.fHSl梁网点称31仃例子投彳『Hl招性叫WFSr•如Isparrotcancountcrow*cancomplcieuixk、withtoolsB・则巾2点不W2碗ICUAmm以下三点.々过“j以vn ILaiigiuagcniulinclhgciwcarcixtuniquelohtinvinbeings.《必须油旭加“ggscniulimclhgcfwcM个//而♦Cl木心，一定仔Rt呸的开头吱砧Jd2Mm出e尸的特点.可以通过例产短玷.也可以通过MM性的i/f用衣让•衣坯以下幅确・U1九川、甫特点.4以通过例子虫达.也可以涧过叔括的我还.!£•/以小娇V.Translation共15分第1小题和第2小题，每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分SectionBDirections:InSectionByouwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversationandyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassagesandthelongerconversation.Thepassagesandthelongerconversationwillbereadtwicebutthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestionreadthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11throughl3arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Buysomesmallbottlestoholdshampoo.Collectsamplesofshampooforholidayuse.Takemoreclothesincaseofemergency.Rollupclothestosavespaceandreducewrinkling.A.Putalockonthesuitcase.Takeaplaincaseinsteadofanexpensiveone.Drawsomesymbolsonthesuitcase.Donottakeasuitcase.A.Howtokeepyourselfsafeduringaholiday.Howtomakethepackingeasierforatrip.Howtokeepyourselfawayfromtheft.Howtomakeyoursuitcasesimpleandplain.Questionsl4through16arebasedonthefollowingspeech.A.Itcanincreasetherateoflearningandthelikelihoodofremembering.Itcanhelpgatherrelatedinformation.Theinformationcanbeeasilyrecalledduringanactualdebate.Itmakesrememberinginformationdifficult.A.ReadingandthinkingaloneB.Talkingaboutamovietofriends.C.Writingdownwhattheyveread.D.Readtheinformationloudly.A.RelatedinformationisputtogetherlogicallyAlltheinformationisputtogether.Informationisrelatedandcanberecalled.2021年春考.羽毛球馆空无一人，为什么灯还亮着？howcomeThebadmintoncourt/hall/gym/stadiumisemptybut/andhowcomethelightsis/arestillon.我花了三天时间画了一幅风景画，庆祝曾祖父的一百岁寿辰takeIttookmethreedaystopaintalandscapetocelebratemygreat-grandfather^100thbirthday..在太空遨游一周后，载人飞船安全着陆，那一刻，原本寂静无声的发射中心一片欢腾TheinstantTheinstantthemannedspaceshiplandedsafelyafterflyinginspaceforaweekthequietlaunchcentreexplodedwithjoyfulcheers..这条小溪蜿蜒流淌，陪伴着世代居住的村民，见证了这个村庄的日新月异companyTheriverthatwindsitswayinthecompanyofthevillagerswhohavelivedtherefbrgenerationshaswitnessedtheongoingchangesinthevillage.VI.GuidedWriting（共25分）Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese2020年秋考假设你是明启中学高三学生李华，前几日，你邀请好友王磊下周五晚上前往郊外公园欣赏露天音乐会因为路途遥远、交通不便等原因，王磊犹豫不决写封邮件说服王磊与你一同前往在邮件中，你必须1）对王磊的顾虑提出解决办法；2）说明这场音乐会值得欣赏的理由参考范文:DearWangLeiItsbeenawhilesinceIheardfromyou.LasttimeIinvitedyoutoattendtheconcertwhichwillbeheldnextFridayinthecenturypark.Thoughyoudidnotreplytomethehesitationwearingonyourfaceofferedmeaglimpseofwhatwasgoingoninyourmind.Maybeitistherecentghastlyweatherortheterribletrafficthathinderyoufrommakingupyourmind.HoweverasfarasIconcerneditsstillworthourefforts.Thisconcertisnotapopmusicconcertbutaclassicmusiconewhereseveralprestigioussymphonyorchestraswillperformmanywell-knowncompositions.Itmustbeafeastforalltheaudience.Moreoverchancesarethatwemayhaveanalbumwithperformers9autographsonit.Youshouldnevermisssuchafabulousconcert!IntermsofdifficultiesyouareworriedaboutIhavealreadyfoundsomesolutions.Myfatherwillbeavailableonthatdaysothathecandriveustothescene.Ihavemanagedtopersuadehimtomakehispromise.InadditionincaseofarainydayThavepreparedtworaincoats.Iamconfidentthatwewillindulgeourselvesintotheelegantflowofnotes.Iamlookingforwardtohearingyourreply.YoursLiHua附听力录音文字稿SectionADirections:InsectionAyouwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversationaquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhaveheardaconversationandthequestionaboutitreadthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.M:Programmingistootoughformetolearn.Filquit.W:Keeptryingyoucanmakeit.Question:WhatdoesthewomanmeanM:Justlookattodayspaper—nothingbutaccidentsorgossip.W:Rightnothingisworthreading.Question:WhatisthespeakersattitudetowardstodayspaperM:JanehaveyouturnoffthemobilephoneThemusicalisabouttostart.W:OkayIcantwaittoseeLucasWongmyfavoriteactor.Question:WheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplaceM:BeforefeedingthedogIamgoingtoclearupitsthehouse.W:Itsabouttime.Lookatthemess!Itsmellsterrible.Question:WhatisthemanmostprobablygoingtodofirstW:ShallwebuysomemagazinesonhomedecorationbeforefurnishingournewhouseM:Wecould.ButconsideringtheinformationdontyouthinktheyareoverpricedQuestion:WhatdoesthemanthinkofsuchmagazinesM:MissFangfortomorrowstestcanweuseacalculatorW:Noyoushouldlearnbasiccalculationskills.Question:WhichtestisthemanmostprobablygoingtotakeW:WhydidntyougototheconcertItwasmarvelous.M:Iwastiredout.IjustcamebackfromChengdubytrainthatmorning.Question:WhywasthemanabsentfromtheconcertW:RobbieIcantcarrythosebookstotheclassroom.WouldyoupleasehelpmeM:SorryMary.IhaveanappointmentwithProf.Hanksnow.WhynotuseyourbicycleQuestion:WhatdoesRobbieimplyM:Somedoctorslovetolecturepeopleabouttheirlifestyles.W:WellIdontthinktheycanmakeadifference.Question:WhatdoesthewomanmeanW:AlexdoyouliketeamsportsFootballbasketball...M:SurebutVmaspectatorratherthanaplayer.Question:WhatcanwelearnaboutthemanSectionBDirection:InsectionByouwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversationyoullbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwicebutthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestionreadthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11-13arebasedonthefollowingtalk.Thatlong-awaitedtripisabouttobegin.Youvebeenworkinghardgettingeverythingorganized.Imheretogiveyouthetipsyouneedtomakethepackingtaskeasier.Thegoldenruleis:thelighterthebetter.Mostshampoomanufacturersseemtomakeaspecialpointofpackagingtheirproductsincontainerswhichareeitherlargeorheavy.Onewaytodecreasetheweightinyourbagistobuysomesmallbottlesandpourintothemjustenoughshampoofortheholiday.Anotherideaistocollectsamplesofshampoothroughouttheyearreadyforusewhenholidaytimecomesaround.WhatelseneedtogointothesuitcaseClothesofcourse.Dontforgettorollthemup:itnotonlysavesspacebutalsohelpsreducewrincling.Remembertoputanalarmclockwashingpowderandmedicineinthesuitcase.Stillonthesubjectofthesuitcasetokeepthesuitcasessafekeepthemsimple.Ifyouuseveryexpensivedesignersuitcasesyoullinvitetheft.Aplaincasewontbenoticedasmuchbythieves.AccordingtothespeakerhowcanwedecreasetheweightinthebagWhatdoesthespeakertellustodotopreventtheftWhatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout11-13ABBQuestions14-16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Somepeoplebelievethatspendingquiethoursreadingandthinkinginalibraryisthebestwaytopreparefbradebatecontest.Mostmemoryexpertshoweverwouldrecommendpreparingwithteammembers.Doingsoincreasestherateoflearningandthelikelihoodofremembering.Whenmembersofadebateteampreparetogethertheylearnfactsandmasterissuesfasterandmoreeffectivelythaneachindividualcouldalone.Communicationisessentialtotheabilitytorememberwellsaysawell-knownpsychologist.Hehasfoundthatisolatingyourselfisabouttheworstthingyoucandoifyouwanttorememberinformation.Inotherwordswhenyoutalkwithotherswhetheritistodescribeamovieorcomplainaboutadifficultchapterinatextbookyouareactuallystrengtheningyourmemory.Thehumanmemoryworkslikeafilingsystem.Forafilingsystemtobeeffectiveinfbnnationhastobeputinalogicalplace—insideafolderthatincludesrelatedinformation.Whenthemembersofadebateteampracticebyusingfactsinsupportofanargumenttheyareexactlygatheringrelatedpiecesofinformationintoasinglementalfolder.Andduringanactualdebatewhenthepressureisontheywillbemoreeasilyrecalledthanthosememorizedasisolatedpiecesofinformation.WhatdomemoryexpertsthinkofreadingandthinkingquietlyindebatepreparationInwhichsituationarepeoplemostlikelytoimprovetheirmemoryInwhatwaydohumanmemoryworklikeafilingsystem14-16DBAQuestions17-20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.M:Lastnightthenewsaidthatinsomecitiestheyarethinkingofturningofpublicwatersupplyduringpartofeachday.W:Humthereisashortageofwaterheretoo.IsthereanythingwecandotohelpWaterissoimportant.M:Suretherearemanythingswecandotocutdownontheamountofwaterweuse.Oneistochangesomeofthethingsinthebathroom.W:HumdontyouthinkchangingthebathroomcanbetooexpensiveM:Idontmeantochangeeverythingjust...Wellfbrinstancetheshowerhead.Therearenewonesonthemarketthatsavesalmost50percentofthewater.Theydontcostverymuch.W:Goodidea.Ivereadthenormalflowofashoweris20litersperminute.Bycuttingdownthatonhalfonewouldonlyconsume16litersfbrashower.IfweturnoffthewaterwhenbrushingourteeththatwouldhelpM:Right.Iwasntawareitcouldbethatmuch.W:Therearealsonewtoiletsthatsavealotofwater.Butitisntnecessarytochangethemrightaway.M:Wedontneedtochangethem.Byplacingoneortwobricksinthetanktotakeupsomeofthespacetheamountofwaterflowingintothetankwillbereduced.W:Thatsoundsgreat!AccordingtothemanwhatwaslastnightsnewsaboutWhichofthefollowingisasuggestionmadebythespeakerWiththenewshowerheadhowmuchwaterwouldapersonusefbrashowerWhatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout17-20ABDBD.Youcanrecallanyinfonnationanytime.Questionsl7through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Cuttingdownpublicwatersupplyduringpartofadayinsomecities.Waystochangethepublictoilet.Suggestionsfbrthepublictochangetheirbathrooms.Howtosavewaterbymakingchangestothebathrooms.A.ChangethetoiletB.Useawater-savingshowerhead.C.BrushteethonceadayD.Usetoiletsaslessaspossible.A.6litersB.10litersC.20litersD.16litersA.Howtousewaterwhenthepublicsupplyiscut.Howtomakethebestuseofwater.Criticizingpeopleforwashingwater.Howtoprotectwaterfrompollution.【听力答案】1-10DCABAACADA11-13ABB14-16DBA17-20ABDB备注听力录音文字稿附文档末尾ILGrammarandVocabulary每题1分；共20分SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelowfillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenwordfillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanksuseonewordthatbestfitseachblank.2022年上海秋季高考HowtoStartaNewBusinessAnentrepreneurisapersonwhocreateslaunchesandbeginsanewbusinesstypicallyinresponsetoamarketdemandthathasnotbeenmetEntrepreneursareoftenimaginativeselfmotivatedindividualswhodevelopfulltimesuccessfulandsustainablebusinesses.Successfulentrepreneursfrequentlyhaverelevantinsightsexpertiseandadvicetheymayofferaspiringentrepreneurstoand21ontheirrespectivepaths.Interviewingentrepreneursmightprovideinsightintothestepstheytook22achievesuccess.Hereistheinterviewofentrepreneurrelatedquestionsandyouwillfindmorepreparationsforit.Question:HowwouldyoudescribeanentrepreneurAnswer:Anindividualwhoestablishesandexpandstheirowncompanythroughinnovativestrategies23knowasanentrepreneurDuringtheexpansionoftheircompanies:Entrepreneursareresponsibleforseveralimportanttasksinadditiontocashgeneration.Anentrepreneurperceivesacommercialneedintheirsociety24developanideaforabusinessandthentakestheinitiativetostarttheirfirmSupposeabusinessideadoesnotcenteronproducingaproductthatfillsagapinthe25existmarket.Inthatcaseitmostoftencentersonapplyingtechnicaladvancementstosimplifytheprocessofobtainingaproductorservice.Question:HowdoentrepreneursidentifybusinessprospectsAnswer:Entrepreneursroutinelyseekchancestoexpandorincreasetheircompanyrevenues.Theydeterminewhichproducttoincludeandwhichmarkettoenter.Anentrepreneurshouldlistentoprospectivecustomersandlookfbrchancestobuilditemsthatmeettheirdemands.Anentrepreneurcandetennine26otherbusinessesintheareaaredoingandhowtheysucceedbyconductingacompetitiveanalysis.ThistechniquemayinvolveconductingaphysicalsurveyorreadingindustryspecificmaterialsConversationswithconsumersalsofacilitatetheidentificationoftheirfrustrationsandnegativeexperiences27theymayusetoenhanceafirmQuestion:WhatmakesanentrepreneursuccessfulAnswer:28anentrepreneuryouarebothyourmanagerandthemanagerofothers.ToachievesuccessyoumustpossessawiderangeofabilitiesAnentrepreneurmustbeabletomanagepeople.abudgetoperationsandincertaincasesinvestors.Itnecessitatesaworkstyle29characterizebymultitaskingandplanningfbrthefrmsshortandlongtermgoals30successfulentrepreneurmustbeabletospendhistimewiselyregularlyanalyzingandprioritizingprojectsbasedontheirrelevanceandsignificance.Itincludesengaginginshortandlong-termplanningeconomicforecastsandmarketresearch.【答案】21them22toachieve23isknown24develops

25.existing26what27which28As29characterized30A【解析】.them考查代词作宾语根据句子结构，这里说的是成功的企业家为有抱负的企业家提供建议，因此此处要帮助的人宾语指的就是有抱负的企业家们，即aspiringentrepreneurs所以应填入人称代词宾格，且表复数，故填入themo句意:成功的企业家通常有相关的见解、专业知识和建议，他们可以为有抱负的企业家提供帮助，帮助他们走上各自的道路toachieve【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语根据句子结构，企业家所采取的步骤是为了获得成功，所以这里应用动词不定式表目的而且根据句子的谓语动词mightprovide判定空格处的动词为非谓语动词故填入toachieveo句意:采访企业家可能会让你了解他们取得成功所采取的步骤.isknown【解析】考查一般现在时的被动结合问题HowWouldYouDescribeAnEntrepreneur（你如何描述企业家）何知这个回答是在为企业家下定义，此处应为固定搭配“beknownas”（被称为:被认为是…），根敏公nindividua『可知此处的be动词是单数的，文章的时态为一般现在时，而且根据句子主语individual后的who引导的定语从句，空格处的动词为谓语动词故填入isknowno句意:通过创新战略建立并扩大自己公司的人被称为企业家.develops【解析】考查一般现在时此句的主语是Anentrepreneur该空是一个谓语动词，且与前面的perceives并列，时态还是一般现在时，故填入developso句意:企业家在他们的社会中发现了商业需求，发展出了一个商业想法，然后主动创办了自己的公司此空的陷阴主谱后面的空格处动词，惯性思维理解为非谓语结构实际这个句子看完才发现是并列谓语结构此题的失分较多，很多同学们会填写developing:事实上是develops.existing【解析】考查先分词作定语根据句子结构可知，此处应用形容间修饰名词market而且从句子的谓语动词doesnotcenter也推测空格处动词需要填写非谓语动词，故填入existing（现存的，现行的）句意:假设一个商业想法的中心不是生产填补现有市场空白的产品.what【解析】考查宾语从句该段回答的问题是“企业家如何识别商业前景”，根据后面的“howtheysucceed（他们是如何成功的厂可以推测出这里要表达的意思是“其他企业在做什么”，故填入whato句意:企业家可以通过进行竞争分析来确定该地区的其他企业在做什么以及他们是如何成功的which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句此处考查的是定语从句，theirfrustrationsandnegativeexperiences在后面的从句中作宾语，属于事物，故填入which句意:与消费者的对话也有助于识别他们的沮丧和负面体验，他们可能会利用这些来增强公司

28.As【解析】考查介词，此处回答的问题是“是什么让企业家成功”，后面的youarebothyourmanagerandthemanagerofothers.是个完整的句子，anentrepreneur为名词结合语境，此处要表达的意思应是“作为一名企业家、故填入Aso句意:作为一名企业家，你既是自己的管理者，也是他人的管理者.characterized【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语，根据句子的谓语动词necessitates判定空格处的提示动词为非谓语动词结构，而且由“by”可知，此处应用过去分词修饰名词词组aworkstyle此处实际上是一个定酒从.whichischaracterizedbymultitaskingandplanning:省略了whichis故填入characterized句意:它需要种多任务处理和为公司的短期和长期目标规划的工作风格.A【解析】考查不定冠词这里的entrepreneur为可数名词单数，应用不定冠词a修饰，故填入A句意:一个成功的企业家必须能够明智地利用他的时间，有规律地根据项目的相关性和重要性分析和排序SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.2021年上海秋季高考A.allowB.botheringC.gapD.inaccessibleE.inefficientF.jumpedG.customizedH.placeI.purchaseJ.skippingK.strategiesGroceryShoppinginPersonOrOnline:WhichIsBetterKarenSpadeknowshowtocollectcoupons优惠券andpricematch.Sherunsherownsavingswebsitetoteachotherstoshopandsaveasshedoes.YetwhenanearbygrocerystorestartedofferingonlineshoppingaboutamonthagoSpade31atthechancetotryit.Shedidntevencaretherewasadeliveryfeeandthestoredidnot32papercouponsorpricematchingforonlineorders.Whywouldapowershopperbewillingtogiveupsomeofherfavoritesavings33toshoponlineForshoppers34tocollectcouponsandpricematchshoppingin-storewillbringbiggersavingsHSpadeexplained.Butmanypeoplearenevergoingtodothatandfbrthemonlineshoppingisanotherwaytosavebecauseyoucankeepaneyeonyourrunningtotalasyoushoptosticktoyourbudget.“SoSpadetooktheplungeandmanagedto35herfirstorder.nIwenttothestoreafterwardstotestoutwhattheprice36wouldhavebeenshesaidandIfoundeverythingorderedwasthesamepriceatthestore.”Soifthisisthecasethenitsallaboutwhetheryoucanmakebackthedeliveryfee.Storeschargebetween$

7.95and$

12.95todeliveryourgroceriesdependingonthesizeofyour

37.Youoflfeet抵;消littleofthatmoneyrightawaybecauseyoudonothavetopayfbrgas.butthebiggestbenefitisthetimesavedby38thetrip.Shoppingonlinesavestimeinanotherway.Evenonyourveryfirstonlineshoppingtripifyouenteryourloyaltycardnumberalltheproductsyouveboughtbeforeatthestoreshouldpopupasan39shoppinglistJustclickstheonesyoudliketobuyagainandyouredoneNo40wonderinginthestore.【答案】31-

40.FAKBHCIJGE【解析】3LF【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入动词，再结合该空之后提及的Shedidntevencaretherewasadeliveryfee相关内容可推知Spade非常急迫地想抓住这次机会，结合相关选项jumpatthechance意为“抓住机会符合文意，故选Fo

32.A【解析】根据句子结构分析，该空处需要填入动词，结合该空前提及的Shedidnftevencaretherewasadeliveryfee和该空后表述的p叩ercouponsorpricematchingforonlineorders推知，此处想要表述的是“她甚至不在乎送货费，商店也不允许allow纸质优惠券或网上订单的价格匹配”，故选Ao

33.K［解析］根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入名词，再结合该空前提及的someof可知，此处需要填入名词的复数形式，结合选项分析，只有strategies符合文意，故选K

34.B［解析］根据句子结构分析，该空处所做成分为后置定语，即此处需要填入分词来构成分词短语修饰shoppers结合该段相关内容和该空之后的collectcouponsandpricematch可知此处想要表达的是“这些购物者是费尽心思收集优惠券和比价的“，即此处表示的是主动关系，需填入现在分词，结合选项分析bothering符合文意故选B

35.H［解析］根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入动词原形，再结合该空之后提及的herfirstorder可知，这里表述的是“Spade的大胆尝试是她下了她的第一个网上订单”，结合相关选项分析，placeonesorder有“下某人的订单”之意，故选H36c［解析］根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入名词，结合选项以及下文提及的andIfoundeverythingorderedwasthesamepriceatthestore可知，该空处想要表述的是“后来她去商店测试了价格差距gap发现所有订购的东西在商店都是样的价格”，故选Co

37.1［解析］根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入名词，再结合该空前提及的有关送货费用的相关内容可推知此处想要表达的是“商店送货的费用在

7.95美元到

12.95美元之间，这取决于你购买purchase的商品的大小“，故选lo38J［解析］根据句子结构分析，此处结构为bydoingsth该空需要填入动词的ing形式，结合该空之前提及的thebiggestbenefitisthetimesaved可推知，此处想要表述的内容是“网上购物省时省力“，即网上购物通过跳过skipping旅行来节省时间，故选J.G［解析］根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入形容词做定语修饰shoppinglist结合相关选项和上下文内容推知，此处想要表述的是“如果你输入了你的信用卡号，那么你之前在商店购买的所有产品部应该以定制的customized购物清的形式弹出”，故选Go.E［解析］文章该段内容主要讲述了网上购物的好处，它不仅节省时间还能触展现相关购物清单，这在一定程度上能够提升购物效率，结合选项分析，该空然想要表述的是“在商店里没有效率低下的inefficient疑惑”，故选EIILReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext（2018年上海春季高考）Humanshatemarkedlytogiveworkersmorethantheydeserveandindeedmanywillsettleforlesstocompensateworkeequitably.Butisthisimpulse41PerhapsnotsayspsychologicalscientistMarieSchaferinGermany.AccordingtoSchafernobodyhaseverlookedathowyoungchildrenfromdifferent42thinkaboutmeritwhensharingrewards.Thereisreasontosuspectthatmeritocracy（英才教育）maybemoreofaWesternconceptandvaluesosheandseveralcolleaguesdecidedtoputthistotheteststudyingthe43ofchildrenfourto11yearsoldinthreedifferentcultures.Theideawastotesthowmuchthechildrenvaluedmerit.Soeachchildwasgivenanumberofsweetsequaltothetotalnumberoffishinthecatchandwastoldtodistributethesweetsanywayheorshewanted-withoutadultsintheroomtoinfluencethem.Iftheyvaluedmeritchildrenshould44thesweetsaccordingtosharesofthecatch.Thatisiftheyhadlandedthesamenumberoffishtheywouldchoosetorewardeachone45butifonefaredmuchbetteratfishingrewardswouldalsobedisproportionate.Inthecasewheretheyweresimplygiventhefishrewardsshouldbeunrelatedtocatchsize-sincenoeffortwasinvolved.Culture

46.ThatsthemainfindingamongmanyfromthestudyasdescribedinaforthcomingissueofthejournalPsychologicalScience.TheGermanchildrendistributedthespoilsofthedaypreciselyinproportionto47evenwhenthismeantaveryunbalanceddistributionofrewards.BycontrastchildrenfromthetworuralAfricansocietiesbarelytookmeritintoconsiderationatall.Thesefindingssuggestthatthebasicnotionofmeritanddistributivejusticeisfarfromuniversalinourspeciesandthat48isculturallydefined.ButwhyThescientistsoffersome49onthis.Itcouldbethatinlarge-scalesocietieslikeGermanyameritocracyis50fbrregulatingtransactionsbetweenpeoplewhodontknoweachotherandmaynotinteractagain.Thefocusisonequitableinteractionsbecausethingswontbeevenedout“inthefuture.Insmallscalesocieties51mostexchangestakeplacebetweenpeoplewhoare52withoneanother.Itmaybemoreimportantinsuchsocietiestobuildlong-termrelationshipsbasedonequity—ratherthantoinsistonequityinasingletransaction.InegalitarianfbragersocietiessuchastheHaillom53isanimportantlevelingmechanism54asymmetriesinwealthandincreasinghannony.Childrenmayinternalizethesesocialvaluesearlyonandapplythemevenwhenthefishingtripis

55.【答案］41〜

45.BABDC46〜

50.CADBD51〜

55.CADCB

41.A.unblockedB.universalC.unconsciousD.unique

42.A.culturesB.coursesC.companiesD.aspects

43.A.moodB.behaviorC.emotionD.habit

44.A.collectB.loadC.stressD.distribute

45.A.reallyB.deliberatelyC.equallyD.happily

46.A.opensB.survivesC.mattersD.occurs

47.A.productivityB.benefitC.interestD.survey

48.A.tirednessB.businessC.thicknessD.fairness

49.A.feelingsB.thoughtsC.livesD.emotions5O.A.usefulB.majorC.smallD.important

51.A.inawordB.inadditionC.bycontrastD.whatsmore

52.A.familiarB.delightedC.satisfiedD.same

53.A.cooperationB.smilingC.equalingD.sharing

54.A.forcingB.judgingC.balancingD.experiencing

55.A.creativeB.imaginaryC.innovativeD.logic。