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3介词介词在英语中比较活跃,然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多从高考试题可以看出•要掌握介词的基本用法,辨析相近、易混介词的用法;还要熟悉常用介词短语的含义,同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法考迈蓬就考点1常用介词(2020•全国I卷)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山)moresothefamiliarnearside.【答案】than【解析】考查介词根据句子中more可知此处应该用比较级,故填than(2020•浙江卷1月)Thisagingofthepopulationisdriventwofactors.【答案】by【解析】考查介词句意人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的表示〃由;被应用介词by故填by°【点拨】
一、常见介词辨析1•表示时间的aton和in
2.表不时间的in和after3表不方位的through,across和over4・表不方位的inon和to例句BeijingliesinthenorthofChina.北京位于中国北部MongoliawhichliesonthenorthofChinaisabeautifulcountry.位于中国北部的蒙古•是一个美丽的国家JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本位于中国东部5•表不交通方式的by,on和in意义后可直接跟涉及和未涉及交通工具的名y词,名词前不加冠词后跟交通工具时,名词前应有冠词、物°”m_主代词、指示代词等修饰语6♦表示支持、反对的介词against和for考点2介词的固定搭配(2020-山东卷)Museumsmustcompetepeoplessparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.【答案】for【解析】考查固定搭配°根据空格前的动词compete与空格后的peoplessparetimeandmoney•判断此处需用表〃为竞争”的动词短语competefor,故填for°(2020•浙江卷7月)Sometimeafter10000BCpeoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylivedthroughagriculture.【答案】in【解析】考查介词句意公元前10000年以后•人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界分析可知,theylived”应是之前名词theworld的定语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语即theylivedintheworldtlivein+名词,意为居住在某地故填in(2020•全国II卷)Bambooplantsareassociatedhealthabundanceandahappyhome.【答案】with【解析】考查介词°beassociatedwith为固定搭配»表示与相关故填with°【点拨】outofbreath/balance/date/control上气不接下气/失去平衡/过时/失去控制toonessurprise/astonishment令某人惊奇/吃惊的是underconstruction/consideration/discussion在建设/考虑/讨论中keep/prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做protect...from保护不受伤害resultfrom由于sufferfrom遭受approveof赞成consistof・・•由组成thinkof想起;考虑到depend/relyon依靠succeedin在方面成功referto谈至U;涉及;查阅3•与形容词的搭配beashamedof对感到羞耻beproudof以为荣betiredof厌倦befamiliarwithsth熟悉bepatientwith对有耐心bepopularwithsb.受某人欢迎beaddictedto对上瘾;沉溺于bebeneficialto对有益处besimilarto与相似beeagerfor渴望beanxiousabout/for忧虑,担心becuriousabout对好奇besuitablefor/to适合于aheadof(时间•空间)在前面;领先onceinawhile偶尔inspiteof尽管;虽然考B庭破-、单句语法填空-summaryIthinkthemovieismovinginterestingandworthspendingtimeon.【答案】in【解析】考查固定短语insummary“总的来说•概括起来”,符合句意-AsiswellknownDragonBoatFestivalandthecustomofeatingricedumplingsareuniqueusChinese.【答案】to【解析】unique“独一无二的,仅有的beuniqueto是……特有的,为固定搭配-Sofarwehavedonealottobuildalowcarboneconomybutitisfarsatisfactory.【答案】from【解析】farfrom表示否定含义,意为绝非,远不”-Ourproductispopularabroad.Thereispracticallynootherproductsuperioroursinquality.【答案】to【解析】superior意为更好的♦更有效的,通常与to搭配表示比较含义besuperiortosth.意为〃胜过,超过,比……好”・Whenawriterfinisheshiswritingoradoctorsuccessfullyoperatesonapatientorateacherseeshisstudentsgrowtheyarehappywords.【答案】beyond【解析】beyond意为超出•超过,beyondwords意为无法用言语表达•MostEnglishteachersmaintainayoungandgentleheartandappearyoungerthanteacherstheirownage.【答案】of【解析】此处of与age构成固定搭配,teachersoftheirownage意为与他们同龄的老师•Thekeysuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothersnotjustcommunicatewiththem.【答案】to【解析】key作俟键,要决讲,与介词to搭配使用-Butterfliesfeedasweetliquidproducedbyflowerswhichbeesandotherinsectscollect.【答案】on【解析】feedon以为食-Idon*tknowifthissoundsbadbutwhydoAsianactressesalwayslookmorebeautifulthedressthanthemodels【答案】in【解析】in为介词,后接服饰名词时,意为穿着,戴着“•HeroldparentswatchedMaryuntilshedisappearedfromsightthedistance.【答案】in【解析1inthedistance在远处,从远处Weshouldtalkaboutthethingsthechildrensunderstandinginasimpleway.【答案】beyond【解析】句意我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事物beyond超出……之外,非……所能及”Youshouldflyyourkitethewind*oritcannotflyhigh.【答案】against【解析】句意你应该逆着风放风筝,否则它飞不高against“逆,与……相反,符合语境属于against的常见用法°Insomecasesdifferentapproachesthesamescientificproblemleadtoconflictingtheories.【答案】to/towards【解析】approachto/towards的方法,是固定搭配句意在一些情形下,对同一个科学难题进行研究所采用的方法不同«就会得出互相矛盾的结论thatspecialnightalltheSenior3studentsstoodinthecorridors(走廊)andlookeddownattheyoungerstudentsbelow.【答案】On【解析】句意在那个特殊的晚上,所有高三年级的学生站在走廊里低头看着下面低年级的学生表示〃在具体某天的上午、下午或晚上“需用介词onManylocalresidentswelcomethesharedbikestheflexibilityandfreedomtheyoffer.[答案Jfor【解析】句意因共享单车给人们提供的灵活性和自由度,许多当地的居民很欢迎共享单车设空处表示〃原因,故填介词forCalligraphyamirrorisasilentreflectionofthesoul.【答案]like【解析】句意书法,像一面镜子一样,无声地反映灵魂设空处表示像,故填介词like°DuringmyfirstyearinChinaIspentthesummerholidaymyfamilyattheseasideinBeidaihe.[答案1with【解析】句意在中国的第一年,我和我的家人在北戴河的海边度过了暑假with在此处意为和……TheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentthemodemEnglishwespeaktoday.【答案】from【解析】句意公元450年到1150年间在英国所说的英语和今天我们所说的现代英语是非常不同的bedifferentfrom与不同”Plasticwasteandalgaeonthewatergiveoffasmellverysimilarthekrill(磷虾)thatmanyseabirdsfeedon.【答案】to【解析】句意水面上的塑料废物和海藻释放出一种非常类似于磷虾的气味,许多海鸟以这种磷虾为食(be)similarto与相似Thewordsofthepoemswerefullencouragementandpositiveenergyandshowedanuncommonopen-mindednessamongwomenatthattime.【答案】of【解析】句意诗歌中的文字充满了鼓励和正能量,并且在那个时代的女性当中展现出了不同寻常的开明的思想befullo俨充满了……TheGreatWallstretchesDandongintheeasttoLopNurinthewestalongthesouthernedgeofInnerMongolia.【答案】from【解析】句意长城沿着内蒙古的南部边界,从东部的丹东一直延伸到了西部的罗布泊表示〃从到用from…to…结构ThecountrysindustrialeconomyhasmaintainedsteadyandsoundgrowththankstheMadeinChina2025strategy.【答案】to【解析】句意多亏了〃中国制造2025”战略,国家的工业经济一直保持稳定的、健康的增长thanksto为固定短语•意为多亏了幸亏WeknowtheBritishhavealoveaffairwithdrinkingteamorethan160millioncupsdrunkeveryday.【答案】with【解析】句意我们知道英国人爰喝茶,每天有一亿六千多万杯茶被喝掉设空处考查with的复合结构(with+n./pron.+过去分词)作伴随状语TheWater-SplashingFestivalisalsoaculturalbridgeXishuangbannaandSoutheastAsiancountriesthatsharethesamefestivalcultureofwater-splashing.【答案】between【解析】句意泼水节也是西双版纳与有着相同泼水节节日文化的东南亚国家之间的一座桥梁°根据句意及题干中的and可知设空处填betweenbetween…and…意为:在和……之间Mondayshegaveeachstudenthisorherlist.[答案1On【解析】句意在周一,她给每个学生一份清单表示〃在具体某一天需用介词onInthisfast-changingandcompetitiveworldmanypeopleareheavypressure.【答案】under【解析】句意在这个快速变化且充满竞争的世界里,许多人处于沉重的压力下underpressure为固定短语,意为在压力之下Shesaysit*simportanttowakeupthesametimeeveryday.[答案]at【解析】句意她说每天在同一时间醒来很重要atthesametime为固定短语•意为在同一时间AsweallknowHangzhouabeautifulcitywonthebidSeptember16th
2015.【答案】on【解析】句意我们都知道*杭州,一个美丽的城市,在2015年9月16日赢得了举办权在具体某天前要用介词n
二、语法填空TherearemanyfestivalsinGuizhouProvince.OneofthemisDongNewYear
1.fallsintheeleventhlunarmonthaftertheharvest.Insomevillagesthefestival
2.takeplaceinthetenthmonth.DongNewYearisas
3.importanceastheSpringFestival.Inthedays
4.leaduptotheNewYeartheDongpeoplemakenewclothescleantheirhousesandmakericecakes.
5.theeveoftheNewYeartheyprepare66colddish^withbeancurdandhomemadevinegar.It
6.giveasanofferingtoonesancestors.DongNewYearis
7.usualcelebratedinmanyDongvillagesintheareaofRongjianginGuizhouProvince.TheexactdatevariesbutfallsduringtheperiodlateOctobertoearlyNovember.Public
8.celebrationincludetheLushengFestivalandwaterbuffalofighting.AnotheroneMiaoSistersFestivaliscelebratedfromthe15thtothe17thdayofthethirdlunarmonthcalendarwhen
9.marrywomenmakeareturntothehomesoftheirmothers.Athometheyprepareandeat
10.specialkindoffoodblackricecake.Whentheyreturntotheirownhomestheybringwiththemsomeofitandgiveittotheirhusbandsasgifts.【答案】
1.which
2.takes
3.important
4.1eading
5.On
6.isgiven
7.usually
8.celebrations
9.marriedlO.a【解析】.考查定语从句此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词是DongNewYear,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,应使用关系代词which引导故填which°.考查时态此处描述的客观事实•应使用一般现在时故填takes.考查形容词此处作表语,意为像春节一样重要〃,as…as结构中,使用形容词原级故填important°.考查现在分词leadupto”为做准备,此处与主语theDongpeople构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应使用现在分词故填leading°.考查介词°固定短语:ontheeveo广在的前夕,故填On°.考查语态句意它是作为祭品送给祖先的根据句意及句子结构可知,此处应使用一般现在时的被动语态故填isgiven°.考查副词此处修饰动词celebrated应使用副词形式°故填usually°.考查名词复数celebration是可数名词,其前没有冠词,且谓语动词是原形,据此可知,此处应使用名词复数故填celebrations°.考查形容词根据下文makeareturntothehomesoftheirmothers可知,此处指已婚的女人〃married”已婚的故填married意义短语at表示某个时间点、时刻等atmidnight在半夜;atsunrise/sunset在日出/日落on表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上onarainynight在一个雨夜“;onChristmasEve在平安夜in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等inDecember在十二月;inthemorning在上午”意义例句in表示〃在……时间之内/之后,所在的句子必须表示将来Hewillbebackinanhour.他一小时后就回来after表不〃在时间之后,通常after+时间段〃与过去时连用「after+时间点”与将来时连用Hecamebackafteranhour.他一小时后回来了音义短语through表示〃从……的内部穿过“throughtheforest”从森林穿过”across表示从..•…表面穿过acrossthedesert穿过沙漠over表示〃从……的上面越过“jumpoverthefence“跨过篱笆墙。