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学案2句子成分与词性主语:名词,代词,动名词谓语:情态动词,动词,助动词宾语:名词,代词,动名词,不定式Iliketotalktoyou.Ilikebooks.Ilikereadingbooks.Ilikethis.表语:名词,形容词,现在分词,过去分词,介宾短语,不定式【主系表结构】表语是说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语位于系动词之后,与系动词联系十分紧密,有系动词就有表语,有表语就有系动词Heishandsome.Heisateacher.Heisinterestedinthisjob.Allchildrenarestarving.Hisjobistotakecareofhisstudents.HishomeisinNewZealand.补语:名词,形容词,现在分词,过去分词,介宾短语,不定式【主+谓(及物动词)+宾语+宾补】ThisjobcanmakemehappyHehasmadethewholetripinteresting.Weshouldkeepstudentsinterested.Thishasputusunderpressure.Thishasallowedustoworkharder.定语(用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的):代词,形容词,现在分词,过去分词,介宾短语,名词,不定式,限定词Ilikethisbook.Ilikereadinginterestingbooks.Ilikereadingfictionnovels.Ilikereadingbookswrittenbyhim.IlikethebooksinthisbookShop.Iappreciatetheopportunitytowritethisbook.状语(是谓语里的另一个附加成分,从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心词进行修饰、限制)副词,介宾短语,不定式【主谓宾】Ilikereadingbooksslowly.Ilikereadingbooksinevenings.Ilikereadingbookstoincreasemyknowledge.名词:主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语,同位语代词:主语,宾语,定语,状语动名词主语,宾语,表语不定式主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语,状语形容词(现在分词过去分词)表语,定语,补语介宾短语表语,状语,定语补语五种简单句
1、主谓结构由主语和不及物动词组成,常用来表示主语的动作
2、主系表结构由主语、系动词和表语组成,主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等
3、主谓宾结构由主语、谓语和宾语构成其中的谓语动词须是及物动词,宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分
4、主谓加双宾语结构由主语、及物动词、间接宾语和直接宾语构成
5、主谓加复合宾语结构由主语、及物动词、宾语和宾语补足语组成,此结构中宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词请学生判断下列句子结构Herunsquickly.Heisacleverboy.Myinkhasrunout.Heisintheclassroom.TheymadethegirlangryTheyconsiderJackabraveboyThedeskfeelshard.IsawafilmTheytookgoodcareofthechildren.HegavemeabookHebroughtmeapen代词代词有哪些?Itisatable.(做主语)IaskedmyselfwhatIwouldhavedoneinsuchasituation.(做宾语)Theboysalllaughedtheirheadsoff.(做同位语)Whosthat(做表语)人称代词物主代词冠词aanthe不定冠词的用法.用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某种类,或用于首次提到的,一方不知道的人或物前Aplanegoesfasterthanatrain.飞机比火车快.表示一这个数量,但数的概念没有one强Therearesixtyminutesinanhour.一小时有六十分钟.序数词前加不定冠词a/an表示另一个成“又一个”的含义Wouldyoulikeasecondcupoftea你想再要杯茶吗?.用于单数可数名词前,泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物HeworksinaLondonuniversity.他在伦敦的一所大学工作Agirliswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.在学校大门口,有个女孩在等你.放在表示时间,速度、价格,重量等意义的名词之前,有〃每,每一之意Heisdrivingacarat80kilometersanhour.他以时速八十公里的速度开着车Hegoeshackhometwiceamonth.他每月回家两次定冠词的用法.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,常用在有定语修饰的名词前ThestudentsintheroomareallfromShanghai.那个房间里的学生都来自上海.用于上文提到过的人或物前Helivesonafarm.Thefarmisnotbig.他住在农场那农场不大.用于说话双方都知道的人或物前Pleaseopenthedoor!请把门打开!.用于世界上独一无二的事物名称前Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.太阳比月亮大.用于形容词最高级和序数词前Thethirdpictureisthemostbeautiful.第三幅画最好看.用在江河、海祥山脉、期泊、群岛等地理专有名词前theRedSea红海theYellowRiver黄河.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前theGreatWall长城thePeoplesRepublicofChina中华人民共和国.用在表示方位的名词前ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.上海在中国的东部
9.用在乐器名词前Hecanplaytheviolinwell.他小提琴拉得很好不定冠词的特殊结构
(1)一些表示数量的词组中apairof一对,双afew些,少量anumberof许多,大量abit(of)有一点,会儿alittle一点少许apieceof一块(张..…)alotof许多,大量2have/take+a+抽象名词,与该名词的动词同义haveaswim-swimhaveawalk-walkhaveatry-tryhavealook-lookhaveatalk-talkhavearest-rest3其他固定搭配inahurry匆忙彳艮快地haveagoodtime玩得高兴foralongtime很长时间makeaface扮鬼脸*不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用在以元音音素开头的单词前auniversity一所大学ausefulbook一本有用的书aEuropeancountry一个欧洲国家anumbrella一把伞anhour—个小时anisland一个岛屿ananswer一个答案anhonestgirl一个诚实的女孩介词分类1:单个介词aboutatinofalongamong合成介词withinwithoutontointouponoutofalongside分词介词concerningconsideringfollowingregarding短语介词aheadofapartfromasforaswellasbecauseofduetoexceptforinadditiontoinfrontofinplaceofinspiteofinsideof分类2:时间地点方式原因介词形容词常见形容词后缀-able-iblecomfortableinevitableincredibleinvisible-alz-ialnormalindustrialofficialbeneficial-fulbeautifulharmfulpeacefulwonderful-iceconomicheroicromantic-icalaeronautical航空的,politicaleconomical经济的,节约的-ishBritishchildishbluish浅蓝的-ive-ativeactivealternativecreative-lessendlessmotionless青争止的,pricelesstimeless永恒的-eous-ious-ousspontaneous自发的,hideousdangerousfamous-yangrybusywealthywindy考点ing与ed形容词alarmed-alarmingamused-amusingannoyed-annoyingastonished-astonishingastounded-astoundingchallenged-challengingcharmed-charmingconfused-confusingconvinced-convincingdepressed-depressingdisappointed-disappointingdiscouraged-discouragingdisturbed-disturbingembarrassed-embarrassingentertained-entertainingexcited-excitingexhausted-exhaustingfascinated-fascinating考点形容词词序1)限定词:aanthemyyourzfourthosesome等)描绘性形容词beautifulboringstupiddelicioususefulzlovelycomfortable等)大小:bigsmalltallhugetiny)形状、重量、长短:roundrsquarecircularskinnyffatheavystraightlongshort)状态brokencoldhotwethungryricheasydifficultdirty6)年龄:oldyoungnewancient古代的antique)颜色:greenwhitebluezreddish淡红的,purple)图案:striped条纹的,spotted斑点的,checked方格图案的,flowery)国籍:AmericanBritishItalianeasternAustralianChilean智利物质材料:goldwoodensilkpaper.synthetic合成的cottonwoolen11类别或用途:sleepingbagweddingdress考点匕蹴级与最高级
1.比较级+than
2.the+比较级oftwo
3.themore...themore
4.as...as…和more...than匕瞰结构中as/than做连词引导比较状语从句,充当从句主语、表语、宾语
5.the+最高级+of/in/among规则变化
1、一般直接在词尾加er;est.tall—taller—thetallestgreat-greater-thegreatest
2、以字母e结尾的直接加r;stnice—nicer-thenicestfine—finer—thefinest
3、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词变y为i再加er;estbusy-busier-thebusiestheavy-heavier-theheaviest
4、重读闭音节结尾的单音节词,若词尾只有一个辅音字母时,须双写这个辅音字母再加er;estbig-bigger-thebiggesthot-hotter-thehottest
5、多音节和部分双音节词在词前加more;mosteasily—moreeasily—mosteasilybeautiful—morebeautiful-themostbeautiful特殊点1府些单音节词的比较等级常用more和most如gladfondshysly但like只可用more和mostoeg.Iamnotmoregladthanyou.我可没像你那样高兴2有些单音节词用-er和-est或more和most皆可,如freeclear等eg.Imclearer/moreclearaboutitthanbefore.对这事,我比以前更清楚了3有些双音节词用-er和-est或more和most皆可,在当代英语中似有多用more和most的趋势,如securecruelprettylively等eg.Shelooksprettier/moreprettywithlonghairthanwithshorthair.她留长发比留短发漂亮4分词形容词的比较等级一律用more和mosteg.Ifeltmoretiredthismorning.今天上午我感觉比较疲倦Skiingismoreexcitingthanskating.滑雪比滑冰更激动人心常见不规则副词考点频度副词考点形容词变副词1beautiful-*beautifullyimportant—importantlyapparent-*apparentlyformer—formerly2以-y结尾的形容词变为副词,变-y为i加一lyeasy—easilybusy—busilylucky—luckily3以元音+e结尾的直接加lydefinite—definitelyunfortunate-unfortunatelyextreme—►extremelyabsolute一absolutely原级比较级第高级good/wellbetterbestbadworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest100%always90%usually80%normally/generally70%often/frequently50%sometimes30%occasionally10%seldom5%hardlyever/rarely0%never。