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高中英语语法精讲连系动词分类及常考用词英语连系动词的分类1状态系动词只有be一词如Sheisalwayslikethat.她总是那样Iamusedtogoingaboutalone.我习惯于独来独往Theseshoesaretootightforme.这双鞋我穿太小2持续系动词表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keepremainstayrestliestando如Ihopeyou11keepfit.我希望你身体好Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默Thedoorremainedclosed.门仍然关着Wecanremainfriends.我们可以继续做朋友Pleasestayseated.请继续坐着Hestayedsingle.他仍然是单身3表像系动词表示“看起来好像”,主要有seemappearlook等如lielookstired他看起来很累Heseemstobequitehappy.他好像很快活Thedoctorseemedverycapable.那医生似乎很能干Heappearedquitewell.他显得身体相当好Heappearedtakenaback.他似乎很吃惊Sheappearedperplexed.她显得迷惑不解4感官系动词表示“……起来”,有feel摸起来,感觉,smell闻起来,sound听起来,taste尝起来,吃起来等如Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布摸起来很软Helookshonestbutactuallyhesarogue.他看起来很老实,实际他是一个坏蛋Theyalllookaliketome.他们的模样我看起来都一样Everybodyfeelscontented.每个人都感到很满足Icefeelscold.冰感觉起来是凉的Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.丝绸摸起来很柔软平滑Itsoundsagoodidea.这听起来是个好主意Thisfoodtastesgood.这菜好吃5变化系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有becomegrowturnfallgetgocomerun如Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后,他疯了Shehadgrownthinnerandthinner.她越来越瘦了Hiscoldwasgrowingworse.他的感冒越来越严重了Shesgrowingfat.她正在发胖Hesgrownusedtoit.他对此已经习惯Whenshesawthissheturnedred.她看到这,脸红了Hishairturnedgreyinafewweeks.在几个星期中他头发就变灰白了Themilkwillsoonturnsour.牛奶很快就会变酸Severalpeoplefellillvictimsofbloodpoisoning.几个人生病了,都是血中毒的受害者Wegetwiseraswegetold.随着年岁的增长,我们也变得聪明些了Yourhairhasgonequitewhite!你的头发全白了!Shewentpaleatthenews.听到这消息,她脸色变得苍白WhenImentionedittohimhewentred.我对他提及此事时他脸红了Hewentmad.他疯了Thechildrenmustnotgohungry.孩子们不能挨饿
(6)终止系动词主要有proveturnout(结果是,证明是)等如Hisstoryprovedfalse.他讲的情况原来是假的Hisadviceprovedsound.他的劝告证明是对的Myintuitionturnedouttobecorrect.我的直觉证明是对的looksoundsmelltastefeel的用法特点当这几个词用作连系动词的时候,它们的意思分别是“看起来”、“听起来”、“闻起来”、“尝起来”、“摸起来”,其用法特点如下特点一通常以被感觉的东西作主语,虽有被动词味,但不用被动语态如误Thematerialisfeltnice.这料子摸起来不错(isfelt应改为feels)误Thesoupistasteddelicious.这汤味道不错(istasted应改为tastes)特点二其后均可接介词like如Thislooks(tastessmellsfeels)likeanorange.这东西看起来(吃起来,闻起来,摸起来)像桔子另外,taste和smell后还可接介词of表示“有…的味道”Ittastes[smells]offish.这东西有鱼的味道特点三除look外均不用于进行时态(即使是look用于进行时态也不多见)如Youlook[arelooking]tiredthisevening今晚你好像很累但是不说Whatyousaysissoundingreasonable.【注】feel表示“感觉”可用于进行时Howareyoufeelingnow你现在感觉如何?Imfeelingterrible.我感到难受极了另外,若以上动词用作实意动词,则可以用于进行时态Heistastingthepudding.他在尝布丁特点四除look外,均不能接tobe(即使是look后接tobe也不多见)如Shelooks(tobe)thebestpersonforthisjob.她似乎是做这项工作的最佳人选【注】feel有时可表示“使人感觉起来…”Itfeelscoldinhere.这儿很冷appearlookseem的用法特点
一、基本区别look指视觉印象,appear指外表给人的印象,这两者可能是真象也可能是假象,appear的不确定性更大一些,seem侧重指根据某种迹象作出的推断,也不一定是事实
二、后接不定式的问题三者均可后接不定式,但look之后一般只限于tobe(且较少见)Heseems[appearslooks]tobeverytired.他好像很累ToHeseems[appears]tohavetraveledalot.他似乎去过不少地方Thisseemstobeahappysolution.这似乎是一个理想的解决办法但是不说Helookstohavetraveledalot.
三、后接like的问题lookseem之后可接介词like但appear之后一般不能:Hejustlookslikehisbrother.他的模样就像他的哥哥Heseemslikeafool.他看起来像个傻瓜
四、用于进行时态的问题appear和seem不用于进行时态,但look有时可这样用(尽管较少见)Helooks[islooking]well.他看上去气色不错但是不说Heisseeming[appearing]well.
五、用于it开头的句子三者均可用于it开头的句子,且三者之后均可接以asif或asthough引导的从句,另外appear和seem之后还可接that引导的从句Itlooks[seemsappears]asifhehaslostinterestinhisjob.看来他对自己的工作已失去了兴趣Itseems[appears]thatheisverytired.他似乎很累了为避免重复,appear和seem后接的that从句有时可用sonot代之“Ishereliable”“Itseems[appears]sonot.”他可靠吗?”“似乎是可靠的不可靠”英语连系动词用法要览
一、连系动词基本用法连系动词是表示不完全谓语关系的动词,它与其后的表语一起构成谓语常见的连系动词有be(是),become(成为),get(变成)remain(还是)seem(似乎是),look(看上去),feel(感觉)等连系动词后的表语通常是名词和形容词,有时也可以是代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等HisEnglishisexcellent.他的英语很棒(跟形容词)Heisafamouspoet.他是著名诗人(跟名词)Moneyisnteverything.金钱不是一切(跟代词)Shewasthefirsttoarrive.她是第一个到达的人(跟数词)Whoisupstairs谁在楼上?(跟副词)Heiswithhisfriends.他和朋友在一起(跟介词短语)Heseemstobeill.他似乎病了(跟不定式)Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实(跟动名词)Thisiswhatyouneed.这就是你需要的(跟从句)
二、学习连系动词应注意的两点.关于连系动词后接副词作表语连系动词后通常可接形容词作表语,一般不接副词误HisEnglishisverywell.他的英语很好(应将well改为good)误Becarefully.小心点(应将carefully改为careful)误Thesouptastesnicely.这汤味道不错(应将nicely改为nice)但是,有时连系动词后也可接副词作表语,不过这主要限于inonoffoutawaybehindupdownoverthrougharoundroundbelowinsideoutside等少数副词小品词以及herethereupstairsdownstairs等少数表示地点或方位的副词:MotherwasnJtinlastnight.母亲昨晚不在家Themeetingwasoveratfive.会议五点结束Comealong.Thetaxiisoutside.来吧,出租车在外面Motherisdownstairswaitingforyou.母亲在楼下等你.关于连系动词后接不定式
(1)连系动词be后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语Mydreamistobeascientist.我的梦想是当一名科学家AllIcoulddowastowait.我只能等MyplanwastogofromLondontoParis.我计划从伦敦去巴黎IwastohaveseenMrKay.我本要去见凯先生的seemappearprovecontinueturnoutgetgrowcome等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是tobe)作表语Shealwaysseemstobesad.她常常显得很忧伤Myadviceprovedtobewrong.我的意见证明是错的Sheappearstohavemanyfriends.他好像有很多朋友Theweatherturnedouttobefine.天气结果很好Circumstancescontinuetobefavorable.情况仍然是有利的HehasgrowntolikestudyingEnglish.他渐渐喜欢学英语To【注】若所接不定式为tobe通常可以省略°不过,若其后接的是表语形容词,则tobe通常不宜省略另外,连系动词look后能否接tobe似乎尚有争论,不过,在现代英语中接tobe的现象已较普遍soundsmellfeeltastebecome等连系动词后通常不能接不定式误Theseorangestastetobegood.应去掉tobe误Therosessmelltobenice.应去掉tobe4有的连系动词后接的从句可用不定式来改写Itseemsthatshesright./Sheseemstoberight.她似乎是对的Itappearsthatyouhavemadeamistake./Youappeartohavemadeamistake.似乎你弄错了。