2023年高考英语总复习高中英语定语从句考点

2023年高考英语总复习高中英语定语从句考点01概念定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句02定语从句三要素”，先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词

①指人的先行词

②指物的先行词★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情Hepassedthedrivingtestwhichsurprisesallof〃s.替代前面所叙述的事情）先行词Istillthedaywho八Ifirstcaw\etoBcijg.（wke八二o八which）2WkcKC在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的placespot等Cav\youtelli^\etheofficewhereheworkswkcre=i八which3Wkg在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有七〃s八.Idontwainttolistentoaiayreasonwhgyouwereabsent.why=forwhich关系副词=相应的介词+关系代词Wkc%引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如cnsc情形，situationpositio八位置stage阶段，point地步等Wkatarethesituationbodylanguageistheoi^lyfornAofcocation在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式此时where=mwhich

6.几个特殊的先行词Ow〃g在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式that/以which/不填Thewayinwhich/that/不填keexplainsthesentencetousisquitesimple.比较Thewaywhich不填hetoldtouswasquitesimple.★way在定语中作tell的宾语2先行词timetime表示次数”时，用关系代词tl^at引导定语从句ThisisthefirsttMethatthepreside八tvisitedthecountry.t/Yvu作一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词whenThiswasthetikvxewhentMerewere八radios八telephonesor八TVsets★此时wMen=duringwkick在..期间（与先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式whg/for不填Thisisthereasonwkg/forwkick/tkat/不填hecav\inotcoi^\ekcrc.比较Isthisthereasontk〃t/wkk/不填heexplainedtousforhisabsencefroktheconference.★reason在定语从句中做explain的宾语

7.介词+关系代词★该结构的关系代词只有两种即介词+wkick指物介词指人★该结构介词的选用原则1根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配Tkisisthebook八whichIspent$

8.ThisisthebookForwkickIpaid$

8.2根据先行词的搭配习惯I匕CMCMbcrthedaysduringwhichIlivedthere.Itheday八whichIgraduatedfroka八ivevsitg.O根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定Thecolorlessgaswithoutwkickwecav\tliveiscalled.oxygen.4英语中为了强调某一名词，不定式前面也可以加上关系代词Hereisthe恒八egwithwkicktobuythepia八.Sheistherightperson八wkoMtodepend注意

①如果介词后移，关系代词可以省略Thepersonwhoi^/who/thatyouwillwritetoisTodd.

②有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如lookfor/after;takecaireof;se八4for;hearof/aboutdealwith等Thisisthebabytkatyouwilllookafter.8定语从句的主谓一致为当先行词是八of+复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式TheCjireatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingstkxatdrawlotsofvisitoreveiryyear.2当先行词是the八也十八eof+复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式TheGreatWallisthe八也八eofthebuildings八theeartk\thatissec八「komthem八.3先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数direatchangesk\avetakei^placeiv\C\^\v\aasisknowntoall.Hehaspassedthedrivingtestwhichsurprisesallofus.d定语从句的转化定语从句可以转换为或wd形式Thegirlwhoisd〃八ci八gnowjustreturnedfromTaiwan.IlovethestorieswhichwerewrittenbyHei^iingway.Thew\av\wkst4八dsstandingthereisMgfrie八d.定语从句的解题方法1判断从句是否为定语从句先行词，关系词，定语从句2准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分主、宾、表、定、状从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词注意

①关系代词whose的用法Wkose在定语从句中做定语当先行词是人whose=the+名词+ofwk恒当先行词是物whose=the+名词+ofwhichDyouknowtheboywhoseparents/theparentsofwkoKAare八holidayrdlikearoow\whosewindow/thewindowofwhichfacesthesea.

②Tk“t引导定语从句，名词性从句和强调句型的区别定语从句中的tk\at关系代词，在后面的定语从句中做句子成分名词性从句中的协冠从属连词，只起连接主从句的作用，在从句中不做句子成分强调句中的that运用于itis/was...tk4t..结构；判断标准:去掉强调句型结构，成分仍然完整比较ThisisthebookthatIaw^lookingfor.ItisatBashotMiddleschoolthatIk\avestudiedforthreeyears.（that和前面的itis构成强调句型）Thefactthatstolethe作八egsurprisedallofus.（that引导名词性从句一同位语从句）Tl^atMewiltcohactothecoh八cck〃sexcitedallofus.（that引导名词性从句一主语从句）Wcallexpectthatthegwi〜forMembersoftheirteai^\arestronger.（that引导名词性从句--宾语从句）Thereasonforyourfailureisthatyoulackconfidenceinyourse/f.（that引导名词性从句一表语从句）

2.关系词引导定语的词1关系词的作用

①替代前面的先行词替代作用

②连接主句和定语从句连接作用

③在定语从句中作句子成分成分作用2关系词的分类

①标准根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类

②关系代词在从句中做主，宾，表，定tkdt/which/wko/wkowv/wkose/qs

③关系副词在从句中作状语Wkch/wkere/wkg

3.定语从句用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子.限制性定语从句对先行词起限定修饰作用Heisateack\e^w〃worksat〃匕school..非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开Beijingwhichisthecapita]ofCki=4isabeaottifodcitywithaloi^ghistory.比较Hehastwosogwkworkmthesawucoi^pai^y.Hehasoiatytwosons.Hekastwosonswkworkmthesa^vxecoi^pai^y.PerhapskctwoMoresohs04定语从句的1个难点.关系代词的省略（限定性定语从句）O）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语Sheisthegirl/that）//ovcdbefore.（可以省略wko^/tk狗

（2）关系代词在定语从句中作表语Heis八loggertheboykeasedtobe.（可以省略that）O）关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略HousMgpriceisaproblem（tk〃t/wkick）people〃匕cinterestedin.比较Housingpriceisaprohlei^inwkickpeopleareMtCHested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）.先行词是人（thnt/wh的区别）（乃用that的情况

①以疑问词wk开头的句子中Whoisthehaq八〃土issko七八gthere

②关系代词在从句中作表语时Sheis八otthegirlthatsheotsedtobe.

③先行词被theveryjtherighttheoi^ly修饰Thisistheverypersonth〃2welookingfor.2用wk的情况

①先行词是八0八%anybodyjall八八cthose等Thosewhow4土togototheci八cm”willlaavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.

②句子中有两个定语从句一个用了协〃上另外一个用wkWkoistheboytha七wonthegold

③在therebe结构中Thereareha6mggo”八gmc八who“g〃，八st%沁.

④在非限定性定语从句当中丁小whiskgbest汨八4kasg八abroadtostudy..先行词是物（加让/which的区别）O）用which的情况

①在非限定性定语从句中Shelostthewhichdepressedhergreatly.

②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语ThepenwithwhichyouwriteisJacks.

③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句一个关系词用Ha上另一个用which.LetmcskowyoutheisovelthatIborrowedfrokthelibrarywhichisnewlyopentous.2用that的情况

①先行词是不定代词如alllittlefew八八gevergthi八gnothing八八八one等Shedidallthatshecocddtohelpus.

②先行词被a{\everyv\olittlethe八回heverytherightthelast等所修饰时ThisistheverybookthatIw6mt.

③先行词中既有人又有物时Shedescribedinhercompositionthepeoplea八4Meplacesthat沁pressedkevMost.

④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestbookthatIk\aveeverread.ThisisthefirstfilmthatIvesec八sinceIcaweMere.

⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用wkick另外一个用thatHebuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthat八cmckbee八sec八before.

⑥当主句的主语是疑问词wk3另一个用thatWkisthepersonthatissmdi八gatthegate.AS引导定语从句用法aAs既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等常用于以下句型当中S〃ck/s..…4s….像..…一样thesnwu....as...和同样的AcomputerissolAsefodahca$wecav\useeveryday.Heis八tthesawem6mashewqs.2引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等可以放在句首，句中或句末AsItherewereanetbarkcrc.Taiwanisav\inseparablepartofCki八〃，asisknowntoall.★tk\esqmc〃s…和theS4mctk4t…引导定语从句的区别ThisisthesakvxebikethatIlostyesterday.同一事物ThisisthesakvxehikeasIlostyesterday.同类事物

5.关系副词的运用1Wkc八在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的方沁eday等。