概率论与数理统计英汉对照词汇汇编

1概率论与数理统计词汇Aabsolutevalue绝对值accept接受acceptableregion接受域additivity可加性adjusted调整的、校正的alternativehypothesis对立假设analysis分析analysisofcovariance协方差分析analysisofvariance方差分析arithmeticmean算术平均值association相关性assumption假设assumptionchecking假设检验assumedmean假定平均值asymmetricdistribution非对称分布autoregressive自回归（的）availability有效度average均值averages平均量Bbalanced平衡的band带宽barchart条形图Bartlettstest巴特利特检验Bayes-ian贝叶斯的、贝叶斯beta-distribution贝塔分布betafunction贝塔函数between（间）内betweengroups组间的bias偏倚、偏差biasedquestion有偏问题binomialdistribution二项分布binomialtest二项检验binomialtheorem二项定理bioassay生物鉴定法bivariatenormaldistribution二元正态分布blindtest盲检法Bonferronisinequality邦费罗尼不等式bootstrap自助法Box-CoxtransformationBoxCox变换Ccalculate计算case个案canonicalcorrelation典型相关casecontrolstudy案例对照研究categorization分类categorize分类category类别causality因果关系centerofgravity重心centraltendency中心趋势centrallimittheorem中心极限定理Chebyshevsinequality切比克夫不等式chi-squaredistribution卡方分布chi-squaretest卡方检验classification分类、种类classify分类、归类clusteranalysis聚类分析coding编码coefficient系数coefficientofcorrelation相关系数coefficientofconcordance一致性系数coefficientofdetermination可决系数collinearity共线性column歹ijcomparison比较commonfactors公共因子，公因数communality公因子方差component成分compare比较comparison对照components构成，分量compound复合的conditionalprobability条件概率confidencecoefficient置信系数confidenceinterval置信区间confidencelimits置信界限confirmatory确定的confound-ing混杂、混杂法confoundingdesign混杂设计convergenceinlaw（.distribution）依法则收敛（依分布收敛）consistency一致性consistent一致性continuousdistribution连续分布control（group）控制、控制（群）constant常数continuousvariable连续变量controlcharts控制图correction校正、修正correctionfactor校正因子correctionforcontinuity连续校正correlation相关correlationcoefficient相关系数correlationratio相关比correlogram相关图covariance协方差covariancematrix协方差矩阵covariate共变向量covariation共变criterionvariable基准变量criticalpoint临界点criticalregion判别区域criticalvalue临界位cross-section横截而cross-tabulation交叉表crosstab列联表cubic三次的，立方的cubicterm三次项cumulativedistributionfunction累加分布函数cumulativefrequency累积频率curveestimation曲线估计curvilinear曲线（的）Ddata数据dataanalysis数据分析default默认的definition定义degreeoffreedom自由度deletedresidual剔除残差density密度densityfunction密度函数dependentvariable因变量description描述descriptivestatistics描述性统计designofexperiment试验设计estimate估计量estimation估计estimator估计量estimate估计estimationofparameters参数估计estimations估计量evaluate衡量event事件exactvalue精确值expectation期望expectedvalue期望值exponential指数的exponentialdistributon指数分布extremevalue极值exactprobabilitytest直接概率法expectation期望expectedfrequency期待度数experimentaldesign试验设计explanatoryvariable说明变量exploratory探索的exponential指数Ffactor因素因子factoranalysis因「分析factorloadings因子输入量系数factorscore因子得分factorialeffects析因效应factorialdesigns析因设ilfactorialexperiment析因试验fiducialprobability置信概率fit拟合fittedline拟合线fittedvalue拟合值filter-ing滤子finitepopulation有限总体Fisherinformation费希尔信息itting拟合fixed-effectmodel固定效应模型fixedmodel固定模型fixedvariable固定变量follow-upstudy追酷1研究forceofmortality死力fractionalfactorialdesign部分析因设计frequency频数fractionalfactorialdesign分步实施计划设计free-answerquestion自由回答法frequency频率frequencydistribution频率分布FstatisticratiotestF统计量F比、F检验fullfactorialdesign完全析因设计function函数GGaussGaussian高斯的gammadistribution伽玛分布geometricmean几何均位geneticalgorithm遗传算法geometricdistribution几何分布geometricmean几何平均值goodnessoffit拟合优度Greco-Latinsquare正交拉丁方group组Hharmomicmean调和均值hazardfunction故障率函数heterogeneity不齐性heteroscedastic-ity异方差性histogram直方图homogeneity齐性homogeneityofvariance方差齐性homoscedastic-ity同方差性hypergeometricdistribution超几何分布hypothesis假设hypothesistest假设检验Iindependence独立independentvariable自变量independent-samples独立样本index指数indexofcorrelation相关指数infinitepopulation无限总体Input入力Inspection检查likelihoodratiotest似然比检验linear线性的lineardiscriminantfunction线形判别函数linearestimator线性估计linearmodel线性模型linearregression线性回归linearrelation线性关系linearterm线性项localcontrol局部控制Ilogarithmic对数的logarithms对数logisticfunction逻辑斯蒂函数logitanalysistransformation分对数分析变换log-linearmodel对数线性模型log-log对数Ilog-normaldistribution对数正态分布logistic逻辑的lostfunction损失函数MMahalanobisgeneralizeddistanceMahalanobis马氏广义马氏距离mailsurvey邮送调查maineffect主效应marginal边缘的Markov-ian马尔科夫的mathematicalstatistics数理统计学matrix矩阵maximum及大值maximumlikelihoodestimation极大似然估计McNemarstestMcNemar测试meta-analysis元分析*Mean平均值meandeviation平均偏差meaneffect平均效应meansquareddeviationMSD均方差meansumofsquare均方和measure衡量median中位数M-estimatorM估计minimum最小值missingvalues缺失值mixedmodel混合模型mode众数model模型-ing建模momen矩MonteCarlemethod蒙特卡罗法movingaverage移动平均值multidimensionalscalingMDS多维换算multicollinearity多元共线性multipleanswer重第回答multiplechoice多重选择multiplecorrelationcoefficient多重相关系数multiplecomparison多重比较multiplecorrelation多重相关multiplecorrelationcoefficient且相关系数multiplecorrelationcoefficient多元相关系数multipleregressionanalysis多元回归分析multipleregressionequation多元回归方程multipleresponse多响应multivariateanalysis多元分析Multivariateanalysisofvariance多元方差分析multi-stagesampling多阶段抽样multivariatenormaldistribution多变量正态分布Nnegativerelationship负相关nxmtablenxm表nominalscale额定尺度nonadditively不可加性non-central无心nonparametricH参数的normalapproximation正态近似normaldistribution正态分布normalequation正规方程nonlinear非线性nonlinearregression非线性回归noparametrictests非参数检验normaldistribution正态分布null原假设nullhypothesis零假设numberofcases个案数parameter参数parameterestimation参数估计partialcorrelation偏相关partialcorrelationcoefficient偏相关系数partialregressioncoefficient偏回归系数percent百分数periodic周期的periodogram周期图percentiles百分位数piechart饼状图plot点图pointestimate点估计poissondistribution泊松分布polynomialcurve多项式曲线polynomialregression多项式回归polynomials多项式positiverelationship正相关power辕P-PplotP-P概率图predict预测predictedvalue预测值predictionintervals预测区间principalcomponentanalysis主成分分析priorprobability（distribution）先验概率（分布）proability概率probabilitydensityfunction概率密度函数probitanalysis概率分析proportion比例proportionalhazardmodel比例风险模型prospectivestudy远景调查Qqadratic:次的Q-QplotQ-Q概率图quadraticterm二次项qualitycontrol质量控制quantitative数量的，度量的quartiles四分位数Rrandom随机的randomnumber随机数randomnumber随机数randomsampling随机取样randomseed随机数种子randomvariable随机变量randomization随机化range极差rank秩rankcorrelation秩相关rankstatistic秩统计量regressionanalysis回归分析regressioncoefficient回归系数regressionline回归线reject拒绝rejectionregion拒绝域relationship关系reliability可靠性repeated重复的report报告报表residual残差residualsumofsquares剩余平方和response响应riskfunction风险函数robustness稳健性rootmeansquare标准差row行run游程runtest游程检验Ssample样木samplesize样本容量samplespace样本空间sampling取样samplinginspection抽样检验scatterchart散点图S-curveS形曲线separately单独地sets集合signtest符号检验significance显著性significancelevel显著性水平significancetesting显著性检验significant显著的有效的emptymatrix空矩阵equality等式exceeded溢出的Ffeasible可行的feasiblesolution可行解finite-difference有限差分first-order•阶GGauss-Newtonmethod高斯-牛顿法goalattainmentproblem目标达到问题gradient梯度gradientmethod梯度法Hhandle句柄Hessianmatrix海色矩阵Iindependentvariables独立变量inequality不等式infeasibility不可行性infeasible不可行的initialfeasiblesolution初始可行解initialize初始化inverse逆invoke激活iteration迭代iteration迭代JJacobian雅可比矩阵LLagrangemultiplier拉格朗日乘子large-scale大型的leastsquare最小二乘leastsquaressense最小二乘意义上的Levenberg-Marquardtmethod列文伯格-马夸尔特法linesearch--维搜索linear线性的linearequalityconstraints线性等式约束linearprogrammingproblem线性规划问题localsolution局部解Mmedium-scale中型的minimize最小化mixedquadraticandcubicpolynomialinterpolationandextrapolationmethod混合二次、三次多项式内插、外插法multiobjective多目标的Nnonlinear非线性的norm范数O1-waylayout1元布局法objectivefunction目标函数observeddata测量数据observationalerror观测误差observedfrequency观测频率observedvalue观测值odds奇oddsratio奇数比one-sided单侧OCoperatingcharacteristiccurve作用特性曲线open-endedquestion可扩充解答法optimumallocation最佳分配法optimizationroutine优化过程optimize优化optimizer求解器orderedclassification顺序化ordinalscale序数尺度orthogonalpolynomial正交多项式outlier边际值output输出、结果over-determinedsystem超定系统Pparameter参数partialderivatives偏导数polynomialinterpolationmethod多项式插值法Qquadratic二次的quadraticinterpolationmethod二次内插法quadraticprogramming二次规划Rreal-value实数值residuals残差robust稳健的robustness稳健性，鲁棒性Sscalar标量semi-infinitelyproblem半无限问题SequentialQuadraticProgrammingmethod序列二次规划法simplexsearchmethod单纯形法solution解sparsematrix稀疏矩阵sparsitypattern稀疏模式sparsitystructure稀疏结构startingpoint初始点steplength步长subspacetrustregionmethod子空间置信域法sum-of-squares平方和symmetricmatrix对称矩阵Tterminationmessage终止信息terminationtolerance终止容限theexitcondition退出条件themethodofsteepestdescent最速下降法transpose转置unconstrained无约束的under-determinedsystem负定系统variable变量vector矢量Wweightingmatrix加权矩阵3样条词汇英汉对照表Aapproximation逼近array数组asplineinb-form/b-splineb样条asplineofpolynomialpiece/ppformspline分段多项式样条Bbivariatesplinefunction二元样条函数break/breaks断点Ccoefficient/coefficients系数cubicinterpolation三次插值/三次内插cubicpolynomial三次多项式cubicsmoothingspline三次平滑样条cubicspline三次样条cubicsplineinterpolation/三次样条内插curve曲线I）degreeoffreedom自由度dimension维数Eendconditions约束条件Iinputargument输入参数interpolation插值/内插interval取值区间4偏微分方程数值解词汇Aabsoluteerror绝对误差absolutetolerance绝对容限adaptivemesh适应性网格Bboundarycondition边界条件Ccontourplot等值线图converge收敛coordinate坐标系Ddecomposed分解的decomposedgeometrymatrix分解几何矩阵diagonalmatrix对角矩阵DirichletboundaryconditionsDirichlet边界条件Eeigenvalue特征值elliptic椭圆形的errorestimate误差估计exactsolution精确解GgeneralizedNeumannboundarycondition推广的Neumann边界条件geometry几何形状geometrydescriptionmatrix几何描述矩阵geometrymatrix几何矩阵graphicaluserinterface（GUI）图形用户界面Hhyperbolic双曲线的knot/knots节点定量的、计量的quotasystem定额系统R*radarchart雷达图*random随机的random-effectmodel随机效应模型randomization概率化、随机化*randomness随机性randomnumber随机数randomsampling随机抽样randomwalk随机游动*range范困（区域）*rank秩*rankcorrelationcoefficients等级相关系数rankingmethod秩评定法rank-sizerule秩规模规则ranktest秩检验ratingmethod比率法*ratioscale比率尺度*regression回归*regressioncoefficient回归系regressiondiagnosis回归诊断*regressionequation（line）回归方程（直线）*rejectionregion拒绝区域*relativefrequency相对频率relativerisk相对风险reliability（coefficient）信赖性（系数）*residual残差responsecurve（surface）相应曲线（曲面）retrospectivestudy追溯调查risk风险riskfactor风险因素robust-ness稳健的（性）*run取遍S*sample样本*samplemean样本均值*samplesize样本量（大小）*samplevariance样本方差*sampling抽样samplingerror抽样误差samplinginterval抽样间隔samplingunit抽样单位*scales尺度scattergramscatterplot（diagram）点状图ScheffestestScheffe检验score得分seasonality季节性secondarysamplingunit第2次单位抽样serialcorrelation序列相关self-adminstration自管理semi-log半对数sigmoid拟S型、S状signaltonoiseratioSN（信噪）比signedranktest带符号的秩检验♦significancesignificant显著（的）*significanceprobability显著概率simplerandomsampling简单随机抽样*simpleregression简单回归singlereplication1次重复sizeproportionateallocation比例布局法skewed斜的*skewness失真slope斜率spectralwindow谱窗spectrogram谱图spectrum谱*Spearmansrankcorrelationcoefficients斯皮尔曼等级相关系数*spuriouscorrelation伪相美square平方*standarddeviationS.D.标准方差*standarderror标准误差*standardscore标准得分startnumber起始编号*stationary平稔的*statistic（forinference）统计量（统计推论的）statistical统计的statisticallysignificant统计显著的stem-and-leafpresentation茎叶表现stereotype陈腔滥调stochasticprocess随机过程*stratification分层stratifiedsampling分层抽样*stratum（[pl.]strata）层Student（s）学生（的）studentizedrange学生化范围study研究sub-sampling二次抽样sufficiency充分性sufficientstatistic充分统计量supervisor管理者survivalanalysis生存时间分析survey调查systematicsampling系统抽样Ttaxonomy分类（学）tail尾*test检验testofgoodnessoffit拟合良好性检定*testofindependence无关性检验3-waylayout3元布［数学］〈扩〉maximumlikelihoodmethod极大似然法［数学］〈扩〉Maximumlikelihoodmethod最大似然法［数学］＜扩〉maximumlikelihoodprinciple极大似然法［数学］＜扩＞sequentiallikelihoodratiotest序贯似然比值检验［心理学］＜扩＞iterativemaximumlikelihoodestimation重复最大相似性估计distribution均匀分布uniformrandomnumbers均匀随机数uniqueness唯一性updating更新*upwardtrend向上趋向［基本］〈分〉likelihood可能性［数学］＜精＞likelihood似然［主科技］＜精＞likelihood相似性；似然；似真［数学］v扩＞Conditionallikelihood条件似然［数学］＜扩〉likelihoodfunction似然函数［数学］＜扩＞likelihoodratio似然比［数学］＜扩＞likelihoodratiotest似然比值检验［数学］＜扩＞maximumlikelihoodequations极大似然方程［数学］v扩＞maximumlikelihoodestimatingfunction极大似然估计量［数学］＜扩＞maximumlikelihoodestimator极大似然估计量significantdigits有效数字tolerancelimits容许限ZscoreZ分数skeweddistribution偏态分布total总共和ZipfslawZipf法即skewness偏度transformation能换ztransformationz变换smallsampleproblem小样本问题smooth平滑sort排序treatment处理trimmedmean截尾均值truevalue真值

2.最优化方法词汇英汉对照表sorucesofvariation方差来源t-testt检验Aspace空间two-tailedtest双侧检验activeconstraint活动约束spread扩展square平方Uactivesetmethod活动集法analyticgradient解析梯度standarddeviation标准离差unbalanced不平衡的approximate近似standarderrorofmeanunbiasedestimation无偏估计arbitrary强制性的均值的标准误差unbiasedness无偏性argument变量standardization标准化uniformdistribution均匀分布attainmentfactor达到因子standardize标准化statistic统计量VBbandwidth带宽statisticalqualitycontrolVariate变量beequivalentto等价于统计质量控制varianceratio方差比best-fit最佳拟合std.residual标准残差varimaxrotationvarimax旋度bound边界stepwiseregressionanalysis逐步回归varimaxsolutionvarimax解variation变差Cstimulus刺激variability变异性coefficient系数strongassumption强假设validity有效性complex-value复数值studdeletedresidualvalueofestimator估计值component分量学生化剔除残差variable变量constant常数stud.residual学生化残差variance方差constrained有约束的subsamples次级样本variancecomponents方差分量constraint约束sufficientstatistic充分统计量varianceratio方差比constraintfunction约束函数sum和various不同的continuous连续的sumofsquares平方和vector向量converge收敛summary概括，综述TWWelchstestWelch检验cubicpolynomialinterpolationmethod三次多项式插值法table表weightedsampling加权抽样curve-fitting曲线拟合t-distributiont分布test检验weight加权，权重weightedaverage加权平均值Dtestcriterion检验判据withingroups组内的data-fitting数据拟合testforlinearity线性检验within级间default默认的，默认的testofgoodnessoffitwithprobability1w.p.1以概率1define定义拟合优度检验wording措辞diagonal对角的testofhomogeneity齐性检验Xdirectsearchmethod直接搜索法testofindependence独立性检验x2-statisticx2统计量directionofsearch搜索方向testrules检验法则x2-testx2检验discontinuous不连续teststatistics检验统计量testingfunction检验函数YYatescorrectionYates修正Etimeseries时间序列Zeigenvalue特征值。